tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-80538205348948558022024-03-18T20:34:03.902-04:00Ethiopedia or Encyclopedia for EthiopiaWelcome to Ethiopedia, the free Encyclopedia for Ethiopia. We will give clear pictures about the history, languages and cultures of Ethiopia and its people. The posts and most of the images will be original factual information from the 400 volumes of the Emperor Tewodros Ethiopian Library located in Washington DC. Ethiopedia does not publish personal opinions and remarks about religion politics and tribalism. All works Copyright 2007-2010.Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.comBlogger32125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-42605043313174586572011-04-16T15:12:00.007-04:002011-04-18T09:02:33.506-04:00How to Read the Ethiopic Geez Fidel AlphabetDo you want to read Ethiopian alphabet or want to write your name in Geez Fidel. The first important step to is being familiar with the Ethiopian alphabet. The Ethiopian alphabets are properly termed as Geez Fidel and consist of about 28-30 alphabets. The first alphabet or Fidel is H and its name is HOY. Each alphabet in fact has its own name and was so named from the shape of the alphabet and figure it represents. For example the letter M means water and shape is like the ancient Egyptian water ripple. In fact the latin M is derived from it. Without no doudt Ethiopians exported the letter or alphabets a long time ago into Arabia, Egypt and Europe (for more imformation on this please refer to Ayele Bikeri's Ethiopic An African Writing System). The first Fidel is H and the seven different forms are Ha Hu Hi Ha Hay He and Ho. Rare forms of some alphabets have been excluded for simplicity. There is no need to spell words because the vowels are incorporated within the consonant by giving the alphabet ሀ (H) a leg, a ring, ring and leg, a broken side or a side mark. The vowel order does not change: <span style="font-size:130%;">ሀ(Ha) ሁ(Hu) ሂ(Hi) ሃ(Ha) ሄ(Hay) ህ(He) ሆ(Ho)</span> Now how do you write Hahahahaha? <span style="font-size:130%;">ሀሀሀሀሀ</span> Very easy!!! When Santa says HoHoHo how do you write it in Ethiopian? Its <span style="font-size:130%;">ሆሆሆ </span>very easy!!! The donkey brays HeHoHeHoHeHo so how do you write it in Ethiopic or Ethiopian alphabet? very easy its <span style="font-size:130%;">ህሆህሆህሆ </span>Try the following very easy test. If you pass it you can now read Ethiopic Geez Fidel alphabets and words!!! Now write in Ethiopic: He who? Hohoho hay Answer:<span style="font-size:130%;">ሂ ሁ? ሆሆሆ ሄ</span> The same system applies to the rest of the alphabets called Fidel in Ethiopian. Try the second letter L called Lawe in Ethiopic! <br /> Hoy h <span style="font-size:180%;">ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ</span> Läwe l <span style="font-size:180%;">ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ </span><span style="font-size:100%;">Ḥäwt ḥ <span style="font-size:180%;">ሐ ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ</span> May m <span style="font-size:180%;">መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ</span> Śäwt ś <span style="font-size:180%;">ሠ ሡ ሢ ሣ ሤ ሥ ሦ</span> Rəʾs r <span style="font-size:180%;">ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ</span> Sat s <span style="font-size:180%;">ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%;">Ḳaf ḳ <span style="font-size:180%;">ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ</span> Bet b <span style="font-size:180%;">በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%;">Täwe t <span style="font-size:180%;">ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ</span> Ḫarm ḫ <span style="font-size:180%;">ኀ ኁ ኂ ኃ ኄ ኅ ኆ</span> </span><span style="font-size:100%;">Nähas n <span style="font-size:180%;">ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ</span> </span><span style="font-size:100%;">ʾÄlf ʾ <span style="font-size:180%;">አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ</span> Kaf k <span style="font-size:180%;">ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ</span> Wäwe w <span style="font-size:180%;">ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ</span> ʿÄyn ʿ <span style="font-size:180%;">ዐ ዑ ዒ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ</span> Zäy z <span style="font-size:180%;">ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ</span> Yämän y <span style="font-size:180%;">የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ</span> Dänt d <span style="font-size:180%;">ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ</span> Gäml g <span style="font-size:180%;">ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ</span> Ṭäyt ṭ <span style="font-size:180%;">ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ</span> P̣äyt p̣ <span style="font-size:180%;">ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ</span> Ṣädäy ṣ <span style="font-size:180%;">ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ</span> Ṣ́äppä ṣ́ <span style="font-size:180%;">ፀ ፁ ፂ ፃ ፄ ፅ ፆ</span> Äf f <span style="font-size:180%;">ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ</span> Psa p <span style="font-size:180%;">ፐ ፑ ፒ ፓ ፔ ፕ ፖ</span></span>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-47499911177856888332011-04-16T11:24:00.009-04:002011-04-16T15:11:39.057-04:001967 Graduates of St. Joseph High School Ethiopia<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhKBdexSQsKkxSTMbRITz3xaVAYBV9tD6wXnfu6vcPDMtfJX0NVwVETgCCVcUnqE-ThEAc7H6mgi3zkFxzc757niWBAU6LHR-EEqjvldHVxv_-pASHMDtjMdUpILwrwvaJWCceFVxZhl4A/s1600/img193.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5596203223300726818" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 330px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhKBdexSQsKkxSTMbRITz3xaVAYBV9tD6wXnfu6vcPDMtfJX0NVwVETgCCVcUnqE-ThEAc7H6mgi3zkFxzc757niWBAU6LHR-EEqjvldHVxv_-pASHMDtjMdUpILwrwvaJWCceFVxZhl4A/s400/img193.jpg" border="0" /></a> <br /><div>In the year 1967 Anno Domini, St. Joseph High School graduated the above students. These students have dispersed across the globe and made the world a more peaceful world to live in. Among them are their mentors (left to right) Brother Alfred, Brother Francis and Brother Eugene (?). All continued to higher learning in Engineering, Science, Law, Medicine and Business. The site of the above picture was at the Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Grand Palace (Menelik Adarash Bete Mengest) after the Diploma and Award ceremony by Emperor Haile Selassie I. One of the above students on the left is the author of the Blog Ethiopedia.blogspot.com</div><br /><div></div><br /><div>The 12th Grade Graduate Students are:</div><br /><div></div><br /><div>Basliel Wolde Gabriel; Artist for Josephite paper. Began Science Club <br />Buzuayehu Tedla <br />Marcello Capogrosso <br />Emanuel Cohen; He was dropped off at school in different cars <br />Faisal Shash <br />Farshad Farhoumand; His father gave the Emperor good teeth <br />Fikre Menbere; The Philosopher <br />Mebrahtu Kidane Mariam <br />Mulugeta Kebede <br />Nicholas Pangalos; The second strongest <br />Peter Sabadka; The strongest (not in photo) <br />Samuel Aberra; The Bodybuilder. Ate raw eggs for lunch <br />Zoran Susteric; The smartest guy from Yugoslavia (not in Photo) <br />Tamrat Beyene <br />Tesfu Haile Yesus <br />Tewolde Mekonnen <br />Branislav Vukadinovic <br />Yosef Yacob <br />Zaiyesus Abraham; nickname was "Shakespeare" <br /><br />Negussu Tamrat* <span style="color:#cc0000;">American Field Service Scholar</span><br />Berhane Gila* <span style="color:#cc0000;">American Field Service Scholar</span> <br />Girma Wolde Mariam* <span style="color:#cc0000;">American Field Service Scholar </span><br />Mekonnen Assefa* <span style="color:#cc0000;">American Field Service Scholar</span></div>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-75447055806926786732011-03-26T03:00:00.006-04:002011-04-07T20:42:36.761-04:00Stamps of Ethiopia Volume 3The top stamps were issued at the Golden Jubilee or the 50th Anniversary of the marriage of Emperor Haile Selassie and Empress Itegue Menen (1911-1961). The second row of stamps were issued in August 1929 and depicts the plane called Nessre Tafari meaning the Teferi Eagle. Eritrea at this time is not part of Ethiopia and the monetary value is the Guerche (derived from the Arabic Gerch). The stamps (last rows) were issued in 1928 during the reign of Empress Zewditu and Ras Teferi and demonstrates the wildlife of the country and notable Ethiopians, including Zewditu and Teferi (Tafari). Click on the image for enhanced and enlarged view of these stamps. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyhZivEHC5QpxxUzyqfzH3ywotm4vd9N6Jkb8PQq2r-3_mNe9Ih3fh3oPrMCvnfGvCSgHQ9ROllnvUsJEa3vQceWjTrQ8JLj3YTduSGaI8aejzbKv8vGSXR64N7HpVvEBCvwJQkMOvr6rN/s1600/img188.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5588281997211288706" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 291px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyhZivEHC5QpxxUzyqfzH3ywotm4vd9N6Jkb8PQq2r-3_mNe9Ih3fh3oPrMCvnfGvCSgHQ9ROllnvUsJEa3vQceWjTrQ8JLj3YTduSGaI8aejzbKv8vGSXR64N7HpVvEBCvwJQkMOvr6rN/s400/img188.jpg" border="0" /></a> <br /><div></div>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-59749985173243689582011-03-24T00:47:00.006-04:002011-04-07T20:46:56.438-04:00Stamps of "Ethiopia" Volume 2<div align="justify"><span style="font-family:verdana;color:#ff0000;">These series is really the most ridiculous stamps bearing the name of the Holy Land of Ethiopia. The Italian Fascists were in Ethiopia fighting for survival for 5 years but they still managed to produce these stamps before they melted away back to Italia Irredenta where they came from!The Arabic script reads "Al Balad El Habasha" which means Country of the Habash or Abyssinian while the year reads May 9 1936, the date the Italians declared Ethiopia as a colony. They entered Addis Ababa on May 5 1936 and declared the next day May 6 as Occupation of Ethiopia. Mussolini declared Ethiopia an Italian </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province"><span style="font-family:verdana;color:#ff0000;">province</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;color:#ff0000;">. </span><a class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emanuel III" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emanuel_III"><span style="font-family:verdana;color:#ff0000;">Victor Emanuel III</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;color:#ff0000;">, shown below, was proclaimed as the new </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia"><span style="font-family:verdana;color:#ff0000;">Emperor of Ethiopia</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;color:#ff0000;">. This is quite an accomplishment even though the Italian Fascists never colonized the country except for the complicated case of Eritrea (also known as Baher Midri, Baher Meder, Mereb Melash, Ertra).</span></div><br /><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdbK1xsDzSU-aEAreMp_u2YTTXveAhNoxPO5A_4Gxd5I4e4NuPCZ02p-iXrqEPXeTpgrGpuXK4Q6mF8OYh6xY93RTwuKmZERQLz6LINH545Xv8i4slYCF-HEVo1VzTN13Avtp7fF7nwh2f/s1600/img181.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5587508524617443906" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 192px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdbK1xsDzSU-aEAreMp_u2YTTXveAhNoxPO5A_4Gxd5I4e4NuPCZ02p-iXrqEPXeTpgrGpuXK4Q6mF8OYh6xY93RTwuKmZERQLz6LINH545Xv8i4slYCF-HEVo1VzTN13Avtp7fF7nwh2f/s400/img181.jpg" border="0" /></a> </p>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-56774402290699002172011-03-23T19:53:00.006-04:002011-03-23T20:16:46.027-04:00Life: Do Not Worry Cheer Up and Be Happy!!!!<div align="justify"><span style="color:#330000;">As the human population of the earth increases uncontrollably, so does all the old problems and new emerging problems that have to be dealt with. Sometimes however, one is cornered and has no weapons left to fight the encroaching phenomenon. Some take the easy way out by jumping from the highest buildings or the deepest sea. Others use myriads of ways or a thousand ways to die and leave the earth for another wonderful far-away planet that had been etched in their imaginations. But the tough human spirit is to adapt and not to perish. Ethiopedia has therefore posted this copyrighted poem or fighter's chants to conquer the evil Great Ones that may come in your path as you journey through life. It may be earthquakes, Tsunami, Joblessness, Anger, Prejudice, Hatered etc. Please read it and dance your way until victory!</span></div><span style="color:#330000;"></span><br /><span style="color:#330000;"></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI7eoeORBih8WVB-FvuYtg55MZI5iLYdqM4FIw4CFJDu6xfnAfbmmbS1Sb8paomclpcYe-ZAfsfed0jTurCMKhLc_01xCA_3ooXz5LOavlMwfU1lmAw-9rWWCFasVOfl0YvtxcsdaSkSho/s1600/img167.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5587430782512730050" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 310px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI7eoeORBih8WVB-FvuYtg55MZI5iLYdqM4FIw4CFJDu6xfnAfbmmbS1Sb8paomclpcYe-ZAfsfed0jTurCMKhLc_01xCA_3ooXz5LOavlMwfU1lmAw-9rWWCFasVOfl0YvtxcsdaSkSho/s400/img167.jpg" border="0" /> <p align="center"></a><span style="font-family:courier new;font-size:85%;"><em><span style="font-size:78%;">Copyrighted 1988 Basliel Wolde Gabriel</span><br /></p></em></span><div align="justify"><span style="color:#330000;"></span></div>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-50289348384285073152011-03-23T19:30:00.003-04:002011-03-23T19:41:27.692-04:00Stamps of Ethiopia Volume 1In this section, a series of Ethiopian stamps will be posted for those who are not familiar with the very early stamps issued by Ethiopia. The earliest stamps were issued at the time of Emperor Menelik. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCml6ZdeHmGnjJWJzAKJft5-USSxvJtTOeQaL94JYBn6LuDKZerqrTqhfQ6n0gh38ZstM6zrLXZXxPmbRsjxiHJ70FtZaHFt-pUugVNRrtMGSJ6ZCSb5CvWJ7LEF49d0GSPwLMauC3vP9f/s1600/img166.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5587423297677227698" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 301px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCml6ZdeHmGnjJWJzAKJft5-USSxvJtTOeQaL94JYBn6LuDKZerqrTqhfQ6n0gh38ZstM6zrLXZXxPmbRsjxiHJ70FtZaHFt-pUugVNRrtMGSJ6ZCSb5CvWJ7LEF49d0GSPwLMauC3vP9f/s400/img166.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div> </div><br /><div></div>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-91495168627551836242010-11-26T21:36:00.039-05:002010-12-13T23:51:34.812-05:00Ethiopian Beauty Pageant Some History Some ProblemsA group of Ethiopians under the name of Ethio American Entertainment Inc. organized in 1988 the first Ethiopian Beauty Pageant in Washington DC. Herein is the events that took place in that year. A summary of the booklet distributed at the pageant identifies all the participants, the early history of pageants in the world and the Miss Addis Ababa Beauty Contest ( Amharic ; Kungena Wededer)of 1964 and 1968.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;"><strong><span style="font-size:130%;">This Site is being Constantly Upgraded with New Information</span></strong> !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<br /></span><br /><br />The cover photograph of the Miss Ethiopia Pageant booklet shows Wossene Hailu being crowned in 1968 as Miss Addis Ababa by Vice President Hubert Humphrey.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiXJrbzVVm5atGXjmUbtgEEG8THJvYNtZ9B8sBm30B4ul5o2iBXTQNczQeMAGBe1zIFIpwBFwKuJowzm8KSg1e3jD4GbnsnOw0X1FqfJOVom1vQD0eNPZwM5DtBEWQxzXWQ3sRWez-3Zjf/s1600/img055.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544057192234273266" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 238px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiXJrbzVVm5atGXjmUbtgEEG8THJvYNtZ9B8sBm30B4ul5o2iBXTQNczQeMAGBe1zIFIpwBFwKuJowzm8KSg1e3jD4GbnsnOw0X1FqfJOVom1vQD0eNPZwM5DtBEWQxzXWQ3sRWez-3Zjf/s320/img055.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Emperor Haile Selassie Receiving Wossene Hailu the Miss Addis Ababa of 1968 at the palace. The Haile Selassie University students at this time refered to the vice president as Kubet Humphrey. Kubet in Amharic means dried cow dung. Most of the students were radicalized Marxist oriented protesters against the feudal government.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdcuBYu_1XlyqmZZtuABL00BiK11hpnlbHLMfbuF_CZ6w7KNvXZwjsfZgI_UpC4ZQsuUdGh-QCL0G7qaUrhksKUsItHMpXLdmxMQ5oYMvyXRv-FrYen-ekVqJCH-qeK5ZcuPpI1t1AwtwE/s1600/img056.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544057642343657682" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 212px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdcuBYu_1XlyqmZZtuABL00BiK11hpnlbHLMfbuF_CZ6w7KNvXZwjsfZgI_UpC4ZQsuUdGh-QCL0G7qaUrhksKUsItHMpXLdmxMQ5oYMvyXRv-FrYen-ekVqJCH-qeK5ZcuPpI1t1AwtwE/s320/img056.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Congratulatory Letter from Vice President Hubert Humphrey to Wossene Hailu, the 1968 Miss Addis Ababa.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR0_Pze40usS9Jbn0OyYA2sQBKsHO2opy_nW5oX9ahbbq3tYm2Vjg9NDvVkx0ptSe7jPnAZufnnI8VO8WZZaiAAspW0DP3ta-I_ovR2M26JSIEyD7eNM8GAZdHBg-2BAR2b5HON6tFRcLB/s1600/img062.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544064043041209746" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 206px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR0_Pze40usS9Jbn0OyYA2sQBKsHO2opy_nW5oX9ahbbq3tYm2Vjg9NDvVkx0ptSe7jPnAZufnnI8VO8WZZaiAAspW0DP3ta-I_ovR2M26JSIEyD7eNM8GAZdHBg-2BAR2b5HON6tFRcLB/s320/img062.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh02GGUQ9Z1yXhG9d7237kzxvocXO3E4pEQgxt0NtlxBRJDpkvGeWC1HJvxAqjg9vX3TkPDFmEBihqbul5uK9hwEn6iEh_C83cnP89i9XbjQgZdmGR4jrg8KmfNUTN077SUke1rjsMzK1tg/s1600/img086.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5547578605914345346" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 214px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh02GGUQ9Z1yXhG9d7237kzxvocXO3E4pEQgxt0NtlxBRJDpkvGeWC1HJvxAqjg9vX3TkPDFmEBihqbul5uK9hwEn6iEh_C83cnP89i9XbjQgZdmGR4jrg8KmfNUTN077SUke1rjsMzK1tg/s320/img086.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip1jM4SmT3nAEjrAMviKNi6u22cxS8PaettW00PaAO9zIRwUIitxaUCiPasp_OMsiW6KGuyANEuKvI0AGwL7bE_q8ImdVQLncNbac1pYoNMqVv46BLqS3mgm85-6wW48ZtcrxXkzGOQ5DV/s1600/img082.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5547578164866685122" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 245px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip1jM4SmT3nAEjrAMviKNi6u22cxS8PaettW00PaAO9zIRwUIitxaUCiPasp_OMsiW6KGuyANEuKvI0AGwL7bE_q8ImdVQLncNbac1pYoNMqVv46BLqS3mgm85-6wW48ZtcrxXkzGOQ5DV/s320/img082.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhETrk6s0OQOQRtyBt8uM32oFF-uyr4BEKGsGD79X-USkgT9X0QUV8ycJTUg7Q5m10pnBewt8rva68tgRJB8gJDMY1H07Z-ZQKZnZYr-qFNnnh1pmrQzJNlwYgSJ7U8tDxKNU0ZzcNg0ISo/s1600/img083.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5547578149197390210" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 221px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhETrk6s0OQOQRtyBt8uM32oFF-uyr4BEKGsGD79X-USkgT9X0QUV8ycJTUg7Q5m10pnBewt8rva68tgRJB8gJDMY1H07Z-ZQKZnZYr-qFNnnh1pmrQzJNlwYgSJ7U8tDxKNU0ZzcNg0ISo/s320/img083.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw-N0UHs-uzGb55pe8pr2uHBKZwgcjQfjkZBeHdBrKFQ6KTCHqcqnuB2OWGkgfCLjq6hXRLnTB3N2KqIddVE0sHY3kC-4uZ69CbTxW7Z9eKuogM0uGjXrTrbi4tIZxZm9Ghfu8TBmkQc4C/s1600/img084.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5547578121240070562" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 280px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw-N0UHs-uzGb55pe8pr2uHBKZwgcjQfjkZBeHdBrKFQ6KTCHqcqnuB2OWGkgfCLjq6hXRLnTB3N2KqIddVE0sHY3kC-4uZ69CbTxW7Z9eKuogM0uGjXrTrbi4tIZxZm9Ghfu8TBmkQc4C/s320/img084.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgISxxbXVF3vJhXmLOAVm-BRMqK6MXQ9XYf1zMU_YybI4xO-CSYvPTtZb0UMTnx5iCiwsr7516eGd8NW7sFda4Yuwcdi2NpUXTWsVQfpxPZy1dcsf9h6AaaIaiWXYmhqZNHS1oKg2IzF_Nu/s1600/img085.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5547578102218278834" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 277px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgISxxbXVF3vJhXmLOAVm-BRMqK6MXQ9XYf1zMU_YybI4xO-CSYvPTtZb0UMTnx5iCiwsr7516eGd8NW7sFda4Yuwcdi2NpUXTWsVQfpxPZy1dcsf9h6AaaIaiWXYmhqZNHS1oKg2IzF_Nu/s320/img085.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br />The Ethiopian Beauty Pageant contestants were listed in the booklet with their names, date of birth, education and interests. A brief account of their backgrounds was also listed. There was no uniform pattern in the photographs and it seems that either they provided whatever photos they could get hold of from the contestants or there was a photo shot taken by the organizers. Thus there seems to be two or three classes of appearances, the Western look, the traditional look and the business-like look. One contestant even appears in blue jeans. Regardless, the photos in the booklet was for information only but it could have been an influence in the selection for the winner of Miss Ethiopia by the judges.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_GxhEONsgPkoDwsnce7TkWUBI9OTLekb8fiRQF9e6a7iXTglCLoQGf5cHiIPwLQ91YsjAWjscxsvD6iQ4kOqS6xykMoNUx91Ruq_RmUtrrSt4lo8KBpDGZfOtws4y2GOnMoeCXe_0EYW3/s1600/img063.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544063719242055042" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 255px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_GxhEONsgPkoDwsnce7TkWUBI9OTLekb8fiRQF9e6a7iXTglCLoQGf5cHiIPwLQ91YsjAWjscxsvD6iQ4kOqS6xykMoNUx91Ruq_RmUtrrSt4lo8KBpDGZfOtws4y2GOnMoeCXe_0EYW3/s320/img063.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWUPuXGpQr_KKh0OKuFsWqvI41GI2Wl_0ndDJPrbD_Cuxu8pR50XbOqAdMcGamWP5tOCyE3RU8RUdeuGuUN1KRGFM1kNScCVlet2ND0oBsBZMGLh3zVEHYa8FvJlKVksYIiqdY_5RPJf7C/s1600/img064.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544063059371486514" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 258px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWUPuXGpQr_KKh0OKuFsWqvI41GI2Wl_0ndDJPrbD_Cuxu8pR50XbOqAdMcGamWP5tOCyE3RU8RUdeuGuUN1KRGFM1kNScCVlet2ND0oBsBZMGLh3zVEHYa8FvJlKVksYIiqdY_5RPJf7C/s320/img064.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj0LgIbBEWW3wNSXNyqGrqtjNZunQgxNVjQAapv-8lxNvFhT3S5jyE9RxDOYBSMT5JPXAfp3IYRP5h_ys_8jW2ypOqcPPNZ0nO9_B9mPBNoKPGFipYaBHa86WXQP1f0r1luoPDN9YuNw5D/s1600/img065.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544062745974950818" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 254px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj0LgIbBEWW3wNSXNyqGrqtjNZunQgxNVjQAapv-8lxNvFhT3S5jyE9RxDOYBSMT5JPXAfp3IYRP5h_ys_8jW2ypOqcPPNZ0nO9_B9mPBNoKPGFipYaBHa86WXQP1f0r1luoPDN9YuNw5D/s320/img065.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin5ce7G0qldvtWK9fwnbGSoeSrfKHhoh3eUTp3ZZeL6G95k9FLgKAMolPUZ12PW062qbwYSq-DOc1Zj6-NVeK1f4rji7s692WgUlLBJ0g4bDLtWLBLzivukh_4xhOsxk3HuxG7Mb38Tm42/s1600/img066.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544062437755140818" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 257px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin5ce7G0qldvtWK9fwnbGSoeSrfKHhoh3eUTp3ZZeL6G95k9FLgKAMolPUZ12PW062qbwYSq-DOc1Zj6-NVeK1f4rji7s692WgUlLBJ0g4bDLtWLBLzivukh_4xhOsxk3HuxG7Mb38Tm42/s320/img066.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrPBLy86WOe0tNoxoiaMUhBkz85e0COKAZ8QzWrUaX5HLz0oHasZ01_XhT5XHDvESVpp_marT1cHH_m5cbpqF3Ec6D2QiguAE8eZ1V3aN1gcTmuJVKcvUDsmYQ5nUu2uCjHdKD-FnnwAk1/s1600/img067.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544060989033117330" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 274px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrPBLy86WOe0tNoxoiaMUhBkz85e0COKAZ8QzWrUaX5HLz0oHasZ01_XhT5XHDvESVpp_marT1cHH_m5cbpqF3Ec6D2QiguAE8eZ1V3aN1gcTmuJVKcvUDsmYQ5nUu2uCjHdKD-FnnwAk1/s320/img067.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1hMhgveCukPWOzOFKKVuuWXbRpIIEJk-gaIEIhwvX8HV63pXsDGzykTYK308bkmUGyfJJY0vicZaYjs9wwqiQrzgoJAXZwRfBbox2ePc8ik2EguTe9RTkJa-qcyYp7uw6zQzN9063RJZt/s1600/img072.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544060472470385586" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 238px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1hMhgveCukPWOzOFKKVuuWXbRpIIEJk-gaIEIhwvX8HV63pXsDGzykTYK308bkmUGyfJJY0vicZaYjs9wwqiQrzgoJAXZwRfBbox2ePc8ik2EguTe9RTkJa-qcyYp7uw6zQzN9063RJZt/s320/img072.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg37I23Mxmz271WpZyQcnxeta4wQxtzTVfgcgAjgXXNEez7xF70dY60nJ4RNn7vGYDpVRPAKBgJdjMNUQrvVHnfUc9DUi7wvFPBCN0exax5JEf-8sISAWHsjdwVQ_Y0XFh6Lowh_pWZDRP4/s1600/img073.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544059974199771234" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 257px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg37I23Mxmz271WpZyQcnxeta4wQxtzTVfgcgAjgXXNEez7xF70dY60nJ4RNn7vGYDpVRPAKBgJdjMNUQrvVHnfUc9DUi7wvFPBCN0exax5JEf-8sISAWHsjdwVQ_Y0XFh6Lowh_pWZDRP4/s320/img073.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Etenesh Wondemu (above) won the Miss Achievement catagory in the 1988 Miss Ethiopia Pageant. Her charisma, energy, confidence and looks certainly paid off!!<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKU3zc2_WVhdEDDRpNgtzQYSgRKnX8FA6Wln1YPAhW8BATsHlnZtmqxEL4KfiXAGSTkqzNQdVB2HkiImQ8guysruPfKqP4eABZb7dOnOotfO08hT1adfBInBo0UcCSD5VO_l3udOwzyF9z/s1600/img074.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544059672233132034" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 269px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKU3zc2_WVhdEDDRpNgtzQYSgRKnX8FA6Wln1YPAhW8BATsHlnZtmqxEL4KfiXAGSTkqzNQdVB2HkiImQ8guysruPfKqP4eABZb7dOnOotfO08hT1adfBInBo0UcCSD5VO_l3udOwzyF9z/s320/img074.jpg" border="0" /></a> Sehin Belew the New Miss Ethiopia 1988 of the Washington DC Pageant at Hilton Hotel </div><div>Update Information; <a href="http://www.sehinbelew.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://www.sehinbelew.com/</a><br /><a href="http://sehinbelew.authorweblog.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://sehinbelew.authorweblog.com/</a><br /><br />Sehin Belew in 2010, more than 20 years later and still looking good! Her secret for being fabulous every day is revealed in her recent book titled Fabulous for Less!<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbUgvqGsvF6elesFNDLuPIv35e8Z95y7i9TXbnlTSs97K9g3yI38utqeGy3EKq4zdJ51k2rBARWyJ2FqtHKDbtN0Ai9P8rtYrlHlkZ31MZ_9J0MMj6LTZuKf3dr0z9RnV1KQwKmb3kdh-U/s1600/post_33202_image%255B1%255D.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5549978431477824194" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 209px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbUgvqGsvF6elesFNDLuPIv35e8Z95y7i9TXbnlTSs97K9g3yI38utqeGy3EKq4zdJ51k2rBARWyJ2FqtHKDbtN0Ai9P8rtYrlHlkZ31MZ_9J0MMj6LTZuKf3dr0z9RnV1KQwKmb3kdh-U/s400/post_33202_image%255B1%255D.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEierKiA8mtjNch9-g_bzf9EPkazC-p6AqGa4TjfKaRKcgbyOQEN5L0Fl4CAzHyaKWzxtvj0J9Tx0Y9Ifvx9FplBixzptWPmSG23glWKFmL9wNZgszbevHZ-wr-WBBW98ZD78Xy-nqEM4WwU/s1600/img075.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544059237305819858" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 254px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEierKiA8mtjNch9-g_bzf9EPkazC-p6AqGa4TjfKaRKcgbyOQEN5L0Fl4CAzHyaKWzxtvj0J9Tx0Y9Ifvx9FplBixzptWPmSG23glWKFmL9wNZgszbevHZ-wr-WBBW98ZD78Xy-nqEM4WwU/s320/img075.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM-0_1YBMknRfhHQGPP1PQ6lyKzASJdzvSXADSA3ltwratAnHMu2XkCmvHnHjg6iB_-lu3AYQJ3JW9l53CasCiGL-DyAr5px9Z9-Eb0iEgPhtfizM1Ode0Xlsk5h35rkGgK8UJpVIVVlB8/s1600/img076.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544058877215581762" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 258px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM-0_1YBMknRfhHQGPP1PQ6lyKzASJdzvSXADSA3ltwratAnHMu2XkCmvHnHjg6iB_-lu3AYQJ3JW9l53CasCiGL-DyAr5px9Z9-Eb0iEgPhtfizM1Ode0Xlsk5h35rkGgK8UJpVIVVlB8/s320/img076.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg_E6Ql565gHDrMZ4TgRRG_IVwzPzusjybOjUKbV3v680LoQfP-rpWaH_DRsVar_HMFe6TyM90jtbAVMBNhUgL5Q1Q49byXqqUjw65qGGoZyMrBI7MrnM_EW-CN8n0kKMng5NQI6ytD4Lh/s1600/img077.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544058605404681234" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 266px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg_E6Ql565gHDrMZ4TgRRG_IVwzPzusjybOjUKbV3v680LoQfP-rpWaH_DRsVar_HMFe6TyM90jtbAVMBNhUgL5Q1Q49byXqqUjw65qGGoZyMrBI7MrnM_EW-CN8n0kKMng5NQI6ytD4Lh/s320/img077.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVusNxhNvgUCdfJdGpjMm5q423-2ygulW15PwyvFXPe5yld6_GNzL7g3m_1Mg7sC9BuBdf5V5NWx_IUDN8Gtn9v86FPWTMkYNrYSVhmiJ3N_BQfr_LPYvaXNKwvf1PG4pXKJ5qs_3oZ57e/s1600/img078.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544058263044292066" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 252px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVusNxhNvgUCdfJdGpjMm5q423-2ygulW15PwyvFXPe5yld6_GNzL7g3m_1Mg7sC9BuBdf5V5NWx_IUDN8Gtn9v86FPWTMkYNrYSVhmiJ3N_BQfr_LPYvaXNKwvf1PG4pXKJ5qs_3oZ57e/s320/img078.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyKSJa8Fp6Rga6KqqN2na75veN67tBLxHTWiPF5GaLOn_gmJSLmK9Y39ztu2hDAUipyGvBsxO7DT3O2SgYBKMwYaz9Gh1uI9Y5S0_pnG8CBG8t8pmpZiRkZu2eRQNeZG6kidJUBTONBkjE/s1600/img080.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544058060481696242" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 240px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyKSJa8Fp6Rga6KqqN2na75veN67tBLxHTWiPF5GaLOn_gmJSLmK9Y39ztu2hDAUipyGvBsxO7DT3O2SgYBKMwYaz9Gh1uI9Y5S0_pnG8CBG8t8pmpZiRkZu2eRQNeZG6kidJUBTONBkjE/s320/img080.jpg" border="0" /></a></div>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-10726831163401067522010-11-17T00:16:00.004-05:002010-11-17T09:11:23.770-05:00History of Medicine in EthiopiaCIBA SYMPOSIA describes the medical situation of Ethiopia in 1944 after the end of the Italo-Ethiopian war. It also describes the establishment of the various hospitals and clinics in Addis Ababa and Ethiopia. Click on the images for better viewing. The report continues with descriptions of the diseases commonly found in Ethiopia such as malaria, venereal diseases, tuberculosis, leprosy, typhus diseases, relapsing fever, cholera, yellow fever, smallpox, helminthic diseases, diseases of the the skin, gastrointestinal disturbances, eye diseases, framboesia and some disease terms in Amharic. These diseases are generally catagorized under Tropical Diseases as contrasted with diseases in the United States and most developed countries wherein the diseases are described as sort of Metabolic, Carcinogenic and Modern society sedentary diseases. <br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghW4e-Gv_9_GgXEDODQbzMmSG_wUQHc1UpiPbYu7qE0oGMM4vrXGKk7WHVRgQrD6VQw8d-hyP6OFUCKhvJ0dIC2nDhQCl4MMbSSOWzDm2FZj4dh7nTZsU5goWYJfMFcJtSTPhZz0m_OsRi/s1600/img021.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5540390563170379410" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 271px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghW4e-Gv_9_GgXEDODQbzMmSG_wUQHc1UpiPbYu7qE0oGMM4vrXGKk7WHVRgQrD6VQw8d-hyP6OFUCKhvJ0dIC2nDhQCl4MMbSSOWzDm2FZj4dh7nTZsU5goWYJfMFcJtSTPhZz0m_OsRi/s400/img021.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9VcuoDGwcbE8-h6eybnGu_4pNsTjWVSiFu6-_HbPPtSx5R1MfrvPdY0Of4pE3zn5-b_u40Vk3IKyHM-ieMEDpCv2Sd2XqLkMRs5YUAODx4_O52IhNH2AqFC6Yn0PT6GgNqPKgDSAwiv8x/s1600/img022.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5540390571717148130" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 264px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9VcuoDGwcbE8-h6eybnGu_4pNsTjWVSiFu6-_HbPPtSx5R1MfrvPdY0Of4pE3zn5-b_u40Vk3IKyHM-ieMEDpCv2Sd2XqLkMRs5YUAODx4_O52IhNH2AqFC6Yn0PT6GgNqPKgDSAwiv8x/s400/img022.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBM5uI07dYbpoJhmwFFlGT3IIdqLj28ZDiyv5aqAfcGWoDzhggodLFVsQ3_Ze1NfH5Cifal2wKzSZv2nJGPTbnIlvTGUDAMt7dfVSDxbG_kDDOWOv2NNK-ADQW4wtFvKROXXiFt-NeqEdF/s1600/img044.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5540390574517271202" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 266px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBM5uI07dYbpoJhmwFFlGT3IIdqLj28ZDiyv5aqAfcGWoDzhggodLFVsQ3_Ze1NfH5Cifal2wKzSZv2nJGPTbnIlvTGUDAMt7dfVSDxbG_kDDOWOv2NNK-ADQW4wtFvKROXXiFt-NeqEdF/s400/img044.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ3RJVBDnoxDAnJV5S_Tn_RPR-BQ6MUQoD6HYjqdm-Or7908eY5HMMCa1BaIHVt-g1PRr6Nc8vPn8oVRBx05IXxMTholKUn5Mb22DuXdAlz7766W5hoQOsH8NWGphSaqbg7fvi-wjxbs3N/s1600/img047.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5540390588854648434" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 258px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ3RJVBDnoxDAnJV5S_Tn_RPR-BQ6MUQoD6HYjqdm-Or7908eY5HMMCa1BaIHVt-g1PRr6Nc8vPn8oVRBx05IXxMTholKUn5Mb22DuXdAlz7766W5hoQOsH8NWGphSaqbg7fvi-wjxbs3N/s400/img047.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic0tpP6k_uuTpXzMb8tkV8WJw9Po9HjCnhN49IjQg8sqKEa6_MiAxTCTSVbJA8eiC2U_BwoBGCuRGNoh5_Flcak1QP7ivv0ddeoSblWXSiiLsNu3aAFNO6brh-JP3o5g3qXat5AKIhh4Wf/s1600/img048.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5540390597182243090" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 259px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic0tpP6k_uuTpXzMb8tkV8WJw9Po9HjCnhN49IjQg8sqKEa6_MiAxTCTSVbJA8eiC2U_BwoBGCuRGNoh5_Flcak1QP7ivv0ddeoSblWXSiiLsNu3aAFNO6brh-JP3o5g3qXat5AKIhh4Wf/s400/img048.jpg" border="0" /></a>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-77195444898023068042010-11-12T22:34:00.014-05:002010-11-13T10:25:57.006-05:00Native Medicine in Ethiopia 1944<div align="left">Native medicine in Ethiopia is described by U.S. Technical Project in CIBA Symposia after the Italo-Ethiopian War. The findings, which is incomplete and partial, has pitfalls since many traditional herbal medicines is not described. It is interesting that Kosso is mentioned and today European companies have identified one of the active ingredients of Kosso in the lab. Sadly, they have peddled the "Kossin chemical" as their own to the Ethiopians with tragic consequences to some patients. Ethiopians, however, are able to better describe their traditional or folk medicine (a better terminology) as in this article of another expectorant by Amare Getahun.</div><div align="left"> </div><div align="left">"Some Common Medicinal And Poisonous Plants Used In Ethiopian Folk Medicine" : </div><div align="left">Rosaceae<br />Rosa abyssinica R.Br.<br />keqa (A)<br />wild Ethiopian Rose (English)<br />The edible fruits are good tapeworm and round worm expectorants<br /></div><div align="center"><br /><strong>CIBA Pharmaceutical Report on Native Medicine in Ethiopia</strong><br /><br /></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYwkNiN-KsFTO2pJFI-JYmLs-vYWDpWBN2pxWHr-7CQVQHRqvBaRLqsiFAfMuBqkM0sle_-VyQ7VRqZsA8AukmKHwX0YnHyrWiKpDjHBiZ8kmKt6-FpGmdkH5jb2J-mgjnfMZ3tw08JzVH/s1600/img021.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5538889724345291314" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 271px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYwkNiN-KsFTO2pJFI-JYmLs-vYWDpWBN2pxWHr-7CQVQHRqvBaRLqsiFAfMuBqkM0sle_-VyQ7VRqZsA8AukmKHwX0YnHyrWiKpDjHBiZ8kmKt6-FpGmdkH5jb2J-mgjnfMZ3tw08JzVH/s400/img021.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQtYRXYdH2icdkcjjZ8-jbak1uUR5Xb9vmbuL227sjLA5FqCe_Em_s39VKiFBOSCG5GVcHilQNE8ynJyoGgW1af4FEEuQ3wF4dxuufnva2MZiidvOM64zgRsAZ7l5ypZJXyyOz0lYOEuvD/s1600/img022.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5538889713626530978" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 264px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQtYRXYdH2icdkcjjZ8-jbak1uUR5Xb9vmbuL227sjLA5FqCe_Em_s39VKiFBOSCG5GVcHilQNE8ynJyoGgW1af4FEEuQ3wF4dxuufnva2MZiidvOM64zgRsAZ7l5ypZJXyyOz0lYOEuvD/s400/img022.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjycxlwVyjTeQtNemQmAXrsmr8gf0NjdaBsoG5EO7mQeUafZuSn2wSm09lSRL9XRQmtbXIxfN0Tgx6SlbMnxqL4ImE1GrVSJhLjs5BoQtAFuyun9ErJfwgEh70t6A7irql2mOWT3U-ahWyO/s1600/img024.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5538889706284016626" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjycxlwVyjTeQtNemQmAXrsmr8gf0NjdaBsoG5EO7mQeUafZuSn2wSm09lSRL9XRQmtbXIxfN0Tgx6SlbMnxqL4ImE1GrVSJhLjs5BoQtAFuyun9ErJfwgEh70t6A7irql2mOWT3U-ahWyO/s400/img024.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF6P_NF4mCNAXfHkIfd4xX8Mc-bk-KaqJ4IqTfE3PSH_43QnIfugi9HQtxjyVxXa0yL4HKTTgJfC2cvDBkOe2CGFSGLUhZwvwyCn6ama1SNaxz0vQCfBjEO_P4UBCQvPoViKD0PmSf3bwH/s1600/img025.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5538889074637296050" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 260px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF6P_NF4mCNAXfHkIfd4xX8Mc-bk-KaqJ4IqTfE3PSH_43QnIfugi9HQtxjyVxXa0yL4HKTTgJfC2cvDBkOe2CGFSGLUhZwvwyCn6ama1SNaxz0vQCfBjEO_P4UBCQvPoViKD0PmSf3bwH/s400/img025.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggoSO5R6uBESWpb_QwGV0Kmpsk-Cd8iqqmw3xLcg3p7F_DSceYtSxIk6SCqGxq7w9n7kIIPe4s5OPTq-lXKRMIkWjiPQmuC_SWtGzhWhedILglCqLWOA4G7gIRM-3RkLTqbs2VIJtrOHQE/s1600/img026.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5538889051115934626" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 290px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggoSO5R6uBESWpb_QwGV0Kmpsk-Cd8iqqmw3xLcg3p7F_DSceYtSxIk6SCqGxq7w9n7kIIPe4s5OPTq-lXKRMIkWjiPQmuC_SWtGzhWhedILglCqLWOA4G7gIRM-3RkLTqbs2VIJtrOHQE/s400/img026.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEqXVSuejwiuXuUctRwouLV1YGvFbCoQZQtsAIw2WnWE-oMDJWgU2rOKpeFAO8qQivV-o55AHYJDPhKnTJ2hziVouRuR0k9RJ2nqxWk8CIx_oSC2kpfZbe2Yn9CZKyiOx1mBMykVVDp2wo/s1600/img028.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5538889045904471314" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 281px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEqXVSuejwiuXuUctRwouLV1YGvFbCoQZQtsAIw2WnWE-oMDJWgU2rOKpeFAO8qQivV-o55AHYJDPhKnTJ2hziVouRuR0k9RJ2nqxWk8CIx_oSC2kpfZbe2Yn9CZKyiOx1mBMykVVDp2wo/s400/img028.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeGGlFOO60FxFJgSsPaL3cE5TdX3B-I1XgxF8eLq_abTDaANP8fBHPrz0Qa-24wUZufK6i7Y72PyvCHYwS9yuBXsybWrgbYdRvM7fhYdjT4EXMvhM2z1C7x1tfk9w5qTAOtLJ5v5ALOfL/s1600/img029.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5538894326123381506" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 288px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeGGlFOO60FxFJgSsPaL3cE5TdX3B-I1XgxF8eLq_abTDaANP8fBHPrz0Qa-24wUZufK6i7Y72PyvCHYwS9yuBXsybWrgbYdRvM7fhYdjT4EXMvhM2z1C7x1tfk9w5qTAOtLJ5v5ALOfL/s400/img029.jpg" border="0" /></a>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-28110944512661444282010-11-02T23:19:00.012-04:002010-11-12T13:42:15.190-05:00Artistic Works of Adis Gebru of Ethiopia<div align="left">Ethiopia has produced many artists throughout the long history of the country. The illuminated manuscripts, as an example, are some of the longest surviving works produced by selfless and patient artists in the early history of Ethiopia. Certain books in the West have shamelessly described the arts of Ethiopia as cartoon-like and childish in appearance. This is far from the truth! Shown below are the works of the artist Adis Gebru dated 2008 of traditional Ethiopians as they are without the flair of Westernizations. Their Ethiopic looks are now well known through the world and this characteristics has been carried unchanged through 4000 years of their history and independence. This is just one example of many talented Ethiopian artists.<br /><br />The titles of the painting (bold) and comments by Ethiopedia<br /><br />1. <strong>Long Trip.</strong> Man and child. Men nurture kids and traditionally are referred to as having given birth to a child like a women<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBh79U6eCcyItHaA2LpecvlLo2lzI7q2YCZBkiOF7R4taHW-B4mhFdonW9zm5EYTA8ZH0R0cbdJmiNGFjCANfMZLPLbYfTSyaTSgDY9OXStGboZMn54It7G-0rDbDpXZuUFLLmG5wD5XYZ/s1600/img020.jpg"></div><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535273294501601186" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 190px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBh79U6eCcyItHaA2LpecvlLo2lzI7q2YCZBkiOF7R4taHW-B4mhFdonW9zm5EYTA8ZH0R0cbdJmiNGFjCANfMZLPLbYfTSyaTSgDY9OXStGboZMn54It7G-0rDbDpXZuUFLLmG5wD5XYZ/s320/img020.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />2. <strong>Netella Wear.</strong> This is the traditional wear of the Highlander Ethiopians<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeWRScASjxuV8rOvK9PQQdCNAqChYfA_SrlT6ro-eTpWVmzPFauUR5cJTjBhz5MB_UEEFEyGB_I4EZfh0OCNF0RjQBu0ZOgnstPQUIGgOQl3VAIG6my-_IVoNZF17A7nwuBmaLuyN8YCMA/s1600/img019.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535273288639966178" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 229px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeWRScASjxuV8rOvK9PQQdCNAqChYfA_SrlT6ro-eTpWVmzPFauUR5cJTjBhz5MB_UEEFEyGB_I4EZfh0OCNF0RjQBu0ZOgnstPQUIGgOQl3VAIG6my-_IVoNZF17A7nwuBmaLuyN8YCMA/s320/img019.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />3. <strong>My Coffee Maker.</strong> Coffee from Kaffa Ethiopia still grows wild in the shadows of the forests and the coffee ceremony is a favorite of many Ethiopian restaurants and homes<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7lHShDu_UQOUxIFh489DL6dJh1QNAuEasa5HGd95mwfkvyLZKTXJ6FFdBxluTqHdRXkQObIiTai5MR97dh92RqO6FzeA0qXVQJ2AEW6YE7rvX2n9TKMXgHIlItZ2X6sJfYwFyFQTBCsdg/s1600/img017.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535273282216199794" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 240px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7lHShDu_UQOUxIFh489DL6dJh1QNAuEasa5HGd95mwfkvyLZKTXJ6FFdBxluTqHdRXkQObIiTai5MR97dh92RqO6FzeA0qXVQJ2AEW6YE7rvX2n9TKMXgHIlItZ2X6sJfYwFyFQTBCsdg/s320/img017.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />4. <strong>Impressionable Age.</strong> Children are very much loved and protected in Ethiopia<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUMWbxdIy0ZF3aCuZan3nkzMQvGZRs9fnW8gw6GCI9ba8jLisFWCwCEt_uC_R1imSTUDt49vCtWR6oSdvHLWylijI5gVTeVA1HWVjsD8UAxzt1OAKDYj7smbdvldvc7HHAXCznIJq2K_Kz/s1600/img016.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535273279105675682" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 249px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUMWbxdIy0ZF3aCuZan3nkzMQvGZRs9fnW8gw6GCI9ba8jLisFWCwCEt_uC_R1imSTUDt49vCtWR6oSdvHLWylijI5gVTeVA1HWVjsD8UAxzt1OAKDYj7smbdvldvc7HHAXCznIJq2K_Kz/s320/img016.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />5. <strong>Spinning.</strong> This cotton spin tradition has not changed since the times of the Pharoahs as seen in the Persian relief below<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx2BVCT1MVZLb-XGax6D75sDf8fjpg9nysCbwQL9x0IDcgYRzhHGgmhbfc5oR2w4j96IyngmdGE-xN5PqjJDOAlr0czEHEqqOwGKxeD7TJEksJ89oqolhKdZuAroldKOyX_KrnzCEuN1rN/s1600/img036.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 306px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx2BVCT1MVZLb-XGax6D75sDf8fjpg9nysCbwQL9x0IDcgYRzhHGgmhbfc5oR2w4j96IyngmdGE-xN5PqjJDOAlr0czEHEqqOwGKxeD7TJEksJ89oqolhKdZuAroldKOyX_KrnzCEuN1rN/s400/img036.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5538722711326987058" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVtr6hDdtdGygubNWA0Ea_Q-_maH7hXyKXM8Zm3px71QR5DrFi4mkGM9EIVCNDnUqZfpkjBjnWW6jkyF2y4FNFp7-CLFU886vRqE-gS1vwUKkR8hGeLE16j3shvIR-GuD_1SvUJzQPCXPQ/s1600/img014.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535272315117484962" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 205px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVtr6hDdtdGygubNWA0Ea_Q-_maH7hXyKXM8Zm3px71QR5DrFi4mkGM9EIVCNDnUqZfpkjBjnWW6jkyF2y4FNFp7-CLFU886vRqE-gS1vwUKkR8hGeLE16j3shvIR-GuD_1SvUJzQPCXPQ/s320/img014.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />6. <strong>Interesting Style.</strong> Ethiopian women like to adorn themselves just like their black kins in Egypt including the same cotton dress with same design<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE9PRtf3Kb18Y5Letv4AIxiHgkd4jpeOUE8QrnnSlCKR9ADRly3qWZkmHs6oG1Y8PhekSEJ6OrNBLPBSlutXgVsK32zVteS-2yL-Kd2sDZlzKZUGKYykFReptdMqzCQ3DK1BWLCzczfztV/s1600/img037.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 138px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE9PRtf3Kb18Y5Letv4AIxiHgkd4jpeOUE8QrnnSlCKR9ADRly3qWZkmHs6oG1Y8PhekSEJ6OrNBLPBSlutXgVsK32zVteS-2yL-Kd2sDZlzKZUGKYykFReptdMqzCQ3DK1BWLCzczfztV/s400/img037.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5538734040657576738" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGrsW28Xy-BTpJB-ve5ISHlzMUJl-TFLhYlckzUeyAIQLxKAjJlIR9FRBou6TAg_9QNE8UfpluS20Dth_yyZQVkbkQK3N8Veh2OgGRUL344x1U1I6mpd2CDj1qPU63eGmHqnepzdpsYyC-/s1600/img013.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535272304432636210" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 181px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGrsW28Xy-BTpJB-ve5ISHlzMUJl-TFLhYlckzUeyAIQLxKAjJlIR9FRBou6TAg_9QNE8UfpluS20Dth_yyZQVkbkQK3N8Veh2OgGRUL344x1U1I6mpd2CDj1qPU63eGmHqnepzdpsYyC-/s320/img013.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />7. <strong>Reminescence.</strong> The older you are the wiser, so the Shimageles (Elders) are sought for wise advices<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitKhG0QUeowm4eSCa7FL2XLEu3r9BIwxxtbRVwBlzaENMnYx40sWND3S-B_PRFbI_BbpkcVX-U9VbWf2zlZMokH-ouFdIotaLNYv6ClcmQkOLQ0wW6mgdxYMEWeXC4Bl31seN9uBquRVGW/s1600/img011.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535272300535335954" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 232px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitKhG0QUeowm4eSCa7FL2XLEu3r9BIwxxtbRVwBlzaENMnYx40sWND3S-B_PRFbI_BbpkcVX-U9VbWf2zlZMokH-ouFdIotaLNYv6ClcmQkOLQ0wW6mgdxYMEWeXC4Bl31seN9uBquRVGW/s320/img011.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />8. <strong>Stylish.</strong> An Oromo lady proudly posing her good looks<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXZnr4Dj3V_EdYKmejbxzcI0eMgUQNS1ZMiYTccB2NMa1lrpC2e-p_lcrAS-Nrg7ZIuyET2vkP1N_yzvxSjg3uHmV0wpuGhXh1asoB3jz2PMYgjaNkv2BZBkWjlbVnUIbsTWgVzcTB8QsP/s1600/img009.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535272294551663522" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 229px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXZnr4Dj3V_EdYKmejbxzcI0eMgUQNS1ZMiYTccB2NMa1lrpC2e-p_lcrAS-Nrg7ZIuyET2vkP1N_yzvxSjg3uHmV0wpuGhXh1asoB3jz2PMYgjaNkv2BZBkWjlbVnUIbsTWgVzcTB8QsP/s320/img009.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />9. <strong>Adorned.</strong> Ethiopian women are much sought after but are good fighters too if disrespected.<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOBPQU5EyDkM9aEIxdcfSGNEtsJ0GDzgIElaujeIxjwjL4DAm3yFE2P4C_-FN-MTA_eMDnmqQkmrM3PKvU42mM9xcaQPhDB9E41XbKa9mIYdOXswWB_1Sf04gmUt2xuWEjUu-cDBKElobV/s1600/img008.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535272290298293906" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 218px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOBPQU5EyDkM9aEIxdcfSGNEtsJ0GDzgIElaujeIxjwjL4DAm3yFE2P4C_-FN-MTA_eMDnmqQkmrM3PKvU42mM9xcaQPhDB9E41XbKa9mIYdOXswWB_1Sf04gmUt2xuWEjUu-cDBKElobV/s320/img008.jpg" border="0" /></a>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-90609233702489899812010-10-31T16:31:00.019-04:002010-11-06T01:36:29.539-04:00Do you Have a Calling or Desire to be Somebody ?<div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO1JZETK1LH2t_0vO7tD1ofemNLVPK-hMPCMPVgq2GOOuK6z0YtvsHwtD1pN7QpLBId-k6s2MmeiOmw342BABhnznii6jdG5EN6mSpDe2BHx3_6lTdXyoFI8BhQpjMu7f1AqlCVRzX3Jju/s1600/img004.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535662351335114546" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 340px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO1JZETK1LH2t_0vO7tD1ofemNLVPK-hMPCMPVgq2GOOuK6z0YtvsHwtD1pN7QpLBId-k6s2MmeiOmw342BABhnznii6jdG5EN6mSpDe2BHx3_6lTdXyoFI8BhQpjMu7f1AqlCVRzX3Jju/s400/img004.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><div align="justify">Throughout our Formative years, as we grow and become more knowledgable to our surroundings, there is a tendency to perceive a Calling or desire to be Somebody. There are three classes to this phenomenon; Those who can plan their future successfully, those who do not have a clear idea and wait as things develop and finally those who come to this world without any idea of what to do with their lives.</div><br /><div align="justify">In the above photograph of about 1972, the Wingate High School graduate (arrow) in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia and others are posing proudly for the photographer of the Haile Sellassie I Prize Trust. Is it possible to guess what career they will follow or What important person they will become or do they look like they have a Calling for Ethiopia? What is the opinion of most people about the person identified by the arrow? Who is he? What are his aspirations? It would also be very interesting to identify the rest of the group and what careers they pursued and deeds they accomplished after almost thirty years.</div><br /><div align="justify">A number of searches revealed the identity of the person (arrow). Today he is the Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Meles Zenawi. If you double click on the photo, a larger image of the person is observed with a very stronge resemblance of none other than the Prime Minister Meles Zenawi. </div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><br />The student that could be voted as the most friendly could be the one on the first row second from right. That is right its Meles Zenawi. Best friends in Ethiopia usually hold hands or lean on a friend's shoulder, a practice long gone away in the West where it is frowned upon.</div><br /><br />The above student (arrow) is Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjfKLnmjzDGzwJawhUKcak_7uAuehbHM8FnuyrlQb3nMmfhcpy_x-c7zTxGcGdAqAcSoYKXOx6a7J4MKqX_7BH1nqWXnWtljxsN3ADDn0FXu8HVkjG1u9z0VK7QwnpReb46d9VbqI5kDrp/s1600/Meles+Zenawi.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5534320826172340562" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 81px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 105px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjfKLnmjzDGzwJawhUKcak_7uAuehbHM8FnuyrlQb3nMmfhcpy_x-c7zTxGcGdAqAcSoYKXOx6a7J4MKqX_7BH1nqWXnWtljxsN3ADDn0FXu8HVkjG1u9z0VK7QwnpReb46d9VbqI5kDrp/s200/Meles+Zenawi.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-42685046415037817562010-06-20T00:23:00.021-04:002010-11-12T17:13:59.453-05:00Origin of the Violin:the Idingiti Fiddle of Uganda, the Njarka of Mali, the Arab Rebab and the Ethiopian Massinqo or Masinko<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxdcgAWpXaXbO28q_srldsaLw2Omw5m7DBFfBsNXIiyh-F1bh7jAB7bHZOO74QITBA0NfkAdvb16xQtrxjNoo_ZSKiwXnV3WnjmzjiHzy8oBsqgkjulKBPI6INFfvXB8htglWPsm1AeDmI/s1600/Njarka+of+Mali.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 134px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxdcgAWpXaXbO28q_srldsaLw2Omw5m7DBFfBsNXIiyh-F1bh7jAB7bHZOO74QITBA0NfkAdvb16xQtrxjNoo_ZSKiwXnV3WnjmzjiHzy8oBsqgkjulKBPI6INFfvXB8htglWPsm1AeDmI/s200/Njarka+of+Mali.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5500156379802302034" /></a>Njarka of Mali<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_3ShU-H86S4bjFZJU_K93uK0_15hAkujk9gkLNGhIVBc_UHTdzkxeZJKAQpycuMeryWPuTYJGrryZO8uiZT1i_GPcriwqcQfY4RQigBPYT5R6Bg4gUnm1vJQODF51do0He1GJj_BifAjX/s1600/7-29-2010+10%3B23%3B41+AM.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 76px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_3ShU-H86S4bjFZJU_K93uK0_15hAkujk9gkLNGhIVBc_UHTdzkxeZJKAQpycuMeryWPuTYJGrryZO8uiZT1i_GPcriwqcQfY4RQigBPYT5R6Bg4gUnm1vJQODF51do0He1GJj_BifAjX/s200/7-29-2010+10%3B23%3B41+AM.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5499336208192013618" /></a>Arab Bedouin Rebab<br /><br /><p align="left"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjClTjv2CfJ981cyApkKO3Phx3yRsO-DEnJnfoVIXCeEFjxYtdk5HYACTQ-WDAEUL0H4MCYf7tCstjInG4Dc5Ic6ERZGh6dD8gViytlz_lt98-963Ii597m4C5kgDCXUYFSz9hyphenhyphendpnetAdd/s1600/Ethiopian+Massinko.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 151px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5485374085686380818" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjClTjv2CfJ981cyApkKO3Phx3yRsO-DEnJnfoVIXCeEFjxYtdk5HYACTQ-WDAEUL0H4MCYf7tCstjInG4Dc5Ic6ERZGh6dD8gViytlz_lt98-963Ii597m4C5kgDCXUYFSz9hyphenhyphendpnetAdd/s200/Ethiopian+Massinko.jpg" /></a>Ethiopian Massinqo<br /><br /></p><p align="left"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY1Liu7o_NOx8Q4uAeR5NByH8T97Fdjn-x0GHPVU4jL5HuuMtCP36ZwdO-ZDBvbSAd-C2KuPtGaitlqy5vbLxXC7zzgICZLaQ60WewnWN_uq981o6KnqI3IH0lRZUsxCUhIAfz8tt6ZJd2/s1600/Masinko+Uganda.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 149px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5484709657682949298" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY1Liu7o_NOx8Q4uAeR5NByH8T97Fdjn-x0GHPVU4jL5HuuMtCP36ZwdO-ZDBvbSAd-C2KuPtGaitlqy5vbLxXC7zzgICZLaQ60WewnWN_uq981o6KnqI3IH0lRZUsxCUhIAfz8tt6ZJd2/s200/Masinko+Uganda.jpg" /></a></p><p><br />Ugandan Idingiti<br /></p><p><br />The Idingiti, a fiddle from Uganda, is similar in many ways to the Ethiopian fiddle called the Massinqo. In the world of Ethiopian musical instrument, the Massinqo (Messenqo) is an outstanding example of Ethiopian ingenuity. This one stringed fiddle may be the originator of the violin and the Arab one-stringed Rebab, the Chinese two-stringed fiddle called Erhu and the Ugandan one-stringed fiddle called Idingiti. From start to finish, the Masinko is built without the use of nails and glue. Indeed it is completely organic in construction by using just wood, goat skin, horse tail hair and cow gut string.<br /><br />The existence of the Ugandan Masinko, called Idingiti, should not come as a surprise because Uganda is a stone’s throw away from Ethiopia. The development of the Idingiti could also have been due in part of the sphere of influence of Greater Ethiopia in the past. However, the Idingiti has been shrouded in mystery. This is not surprising! Uganda, as a former colony of Britain, was imposed with the idea that everything African, people or culture, was inferior and should be shelved away in a dingy room or alternatively at the British museum in London. In contrast, the Ethiopian Masinko thrived throughout the ages as there were no foreign colonial Masters to pass various suppressive decrees on the Ethiopians. Thus the Ugandan Idingiti is not very familiar to the many Masinko players and Azmaris of Ethiopia and musicians of the world.<br /><br />The following description of the Idingiti is taken from a UNESCO vinyl record publication on the preservation of authentic African musical instrument such as the Idingiti and the Inanga; The idingiti of Uganda is a type of fiddle with a resonator made from a cross-section of a bull’s horn surmounted by a skin stretched over the sound box and nailed with wooden pegs; the neck supports a single string, a fiber of an agave plant attached to a glued knob at the lower end and to a peg inserted in the headpiece on top of the neck. Played with a fiber bow, it rests on the chest and is held by the right hand while the left produces a variety of sounds by touching the string. The Idingiti is used effectively as both a solo and accompanying instrument; in group playing, it carries the melody as does the flute. This description also applies to the Masinko of Ethiopia as described in Michael Powne’s book Ethiopian Music as well as the single-stringed Njarka of Mali which has a body made out of a gourd.<br /><br />Michael Powne, in his book Ethiopian Music, indicates that the Rebab, an Arabian Masinko, was probably the musical devise that originated the Ethiopian Masinko. In the opinion of Ethiopedia, the use of the word “probably” suggests that Powne was not sure as to the origin of the Masinko. He might as well suggested that the Masinko was the inspiration for the invention of the Arabian Rebab. Indeed had the Masinko originated in Arabia, the Ethiopians would have called their beloved Masinko by the Arab name Rebab as did the Europeans who named their one two and three stringed Masinko as Rebec from the Arabic Rebab. Ofcourse the Rebec then gave rise to the European stradivarius violin.<br /><br />Travelers are sometimes great observers of events and cultures they travel through in years past. One such person is Father Alvares, a Portuguese who traveled in Ethiopia in the sixteenth century. He describes the Masinko, albeit with few errors. Without any doubt, the Masinko did exist in Ethiopia even prior to that period by many thousands of years. The Ugandan Idingiti is probably as old too and is the blood brother of the Masinko. </p>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-50233006277603306582010-04-18T20:56:00.008-04:002010-11-07T20:40:15.671-05:00Directions to Zed's Bistro and Wine Bar / Zed's Ethiopian Restaurant in Virginia's Jungle<div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">http://www.zeds.net/<br /><br /><strong>Getting to Zed’s without getting lost:</strong><br />This direction to Zed’s Bistro and Wine Bar, also known as Zed's Ethiopian Restaurant, in Gainesville, Virginia is meant for those who frequently get lost in this part of the Washington DC area. Presently, it is difficult to find the exact address from the internet or Map Quest because the Shopping Center is new. The restaurant address can also send the traveler to a similar address 3 miles away. These two locations have the same street address or Shopping Center name for some unknown reason. Prince William County needs to correct this confusion. Interstate 66, Route 55 and Route 15 and surrounding streets are under construction, criss-cross each other and very congested. Therefore it is wise to use lighted and numbered streets and avoid barricades and rerouts. The best directions are given below.<br />The restaurant in Gainesville, Virginia is officially registered as Zed’s Bistro and Wine Bar but it is just a second branch that was opened by the owners of Zed's Ethiopian Restaurant (or Cuisine) to cater to those who do not want to go the long 30miles drive to Georgetown in Washington DC.<br /><br />In Ethiopia, it is common to find addresses by designating unusual landmarks because street addresses are still in a state of developement even in the capital city of Addis Ababa. Here is a typical example:<br /><br />"Abebe, where is you house"?<br />"Mamo, It is very easy, just take the Ambo road to the Shola Tree (Fig Tree) and make a right turn at Dejazmatch Kefetew's Compound. Proceed straight, cross the Kebena River Bridge and when you get to the big green gate, make an immediate right and it is the compound with the stone fence. Take the second gate with the barbed wire"<br />"Thanks Abebe see you tomorrow at five O'Clock sharp"<br />"Mamo if you ever gate lost just ask anyone in the neighborhood where Achuma's house is and they will point it to you"<br /><br />Ofcourse Abebe will never get lost in Addis Ababa but in the United States, it would be impractical to use such method. Surprisingly, newly arriving Ethiopians to the United States will attempt to use the Ethiopian method of landmarks for a while.<br /><br />Below is the American method of how to get to the Ethiopian Restaurant in Gainesville, Virginia in the suburbs of Washington DC.<br /><br /><strong>Location of Gainesville, Virginia:</strong><br /><br />Gainesville is located about 30 miles from Washington DC and 1/2 mile from Interstate 66 and Route 29. It is also about 30 miles from Front Royal, Virginia and 1 mile from Haymarket, Virginia. The nearest Landmark is the Manassas National Battlefield Park in Manassas, Virginia. Manassas is about 4 miles from Gainesville, Virginia.<br /><br /><strong>Address of Zed’s in Gainesville:</strong><br /><br />6850 Piedmont Center Plaza, Building C, Gainesville, Virginia 20155 Tel. 571-261-5933 www.zeds.net<br /><br /><strong>Direction to Zed’s in Gainesville:</strong><br /><br />Various directions exist to get to the Ethiopian Restaurant in Gainesville, Virginia without getting lost. My attempt here is to give the more direct direction using major highways and exit numbers and avoiding dark streets. Sometimes a more direct and longer route is preferable than a short cut through dark area and streets under construction.<br /><br /><strong>From the North and Washington DC:</strong><br /><br />Take 66 West<br />Take Exit 40, Route 15 South (James Madison HWY); make a left turn at the light.<br />Drive 1500 feet to the second traffic light and make a left turn onto Route 55 East (John Marshall HWY also known as Washington Street in Haymarket).<br />Drive approximately 1 mile to Piedmont Center Plaza and make a left turn into the shopping center.<br />Proceed to the second building (building C) behind the USA Tigers Building.<br /><br /><strong>From the South Warrenton and Front Royal:</strong><br /><br />Take 66 East<br />Take Exit 40, Route 15 South (James Madison HWY); make a right turn at the light<br />Drive 1000 feet to the first traffic light and make a left turn onto Route55 East (John Marshall HWY also known as Washington Street)<br />Drive approximately 1 mile to Piedmont Center Plaza and make a left turn<br />Proceed to the second building (building C) behind the USA Tigers Building</div>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-56526922378554275142009-05-07T19:30:00.000-04:002009-05-08T00:35:23.164-04:00Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Atse Menelik of EthiopiaAround 1890 to 1900 or just before the Russian Bolshevik October revolution, there was a great activity between the Russians and the Ethiopians. The Russians received golden crown, Ethiopian artifacts and jewels while the Ethiopians received a large supply of rifles. Ethiopian dignitaries were received well especially by the Russian Orthodox synods as they considered the Ethiopians as "black brethren" due to the fact of the same religion. Russian soldiers were also known to accompany the Ethiopians in the attempt of the Ethiopians who were trying to secure the borderlands before the advent of the European powers such as the French and the Italians and the British in the Horn of Africa. The series of postcards below are rare photographs of the Russian Royal family before they were executed savagely by irresponsible authorities. For larger images double click and scroll!<br /><br />POSTCARDS with reverse side details:<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidld7pFE3NPixZyha5XbGGO5TRAmAycQggVPod3IxnjkP9dOWVbydQiJh5Ljshj2QYs58Np8ZIJD9j_KRK5Ihq0ufZAe3HIl7XYwBet-DfqOpf8PqYYmkO8AShztYda6MXsQOcnsjshALw/s1600-h/Royal+Russian+Family+Events.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 106px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidld7pFE3NPixZyha5XbGGO5TRAmAycQggVPod3IxnjkP9dOWVbydQiJh5Ljshj2QYs58Np8ZIJD9j_KRK5Ihq0ufZAe3HIl7XYwBet-DfqOpf8PqYYmkO8AShztYda6MXsQOcnsjshALw/s200/Royal+Russian+Family+Events.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333233626598222514" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYKrcWqufAdrax0kbSAyduWPFnTRR0YAPMl2RD1pxskE92RlK3xbmYDohZRb8k8ebP2T4sc22wy254E08ajyyXAfIBC2zTYY_DCqRpV03kNEmzp037vaYf2gF5k9MYy_mc3cc80mahCd4A/s1600-h/Royal+Russian+Event.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 102px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYKrcWqufAdrax0kbSAyduWPFnTRR0YAPMl2RD1pxskE92RlK3xbmYDohZRb8k8ebP2T4sc22wy254E08ajyyXAfIBC2zTYY_DCqRpV03kNEmzp037vaYf2gF5k9MYy_mc3cc80mahCd4A/s200/Royal+Russian+Event.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333233624131850338" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRZsEiEOtBOolsTpYlg-_CjJzr4gRzn-weisW6CI0VVCddn-5wh4b5SwplcrrdqwN-_OfBNJDOn22A8-i_MyvLNVrFS8hvYoPKIuix5zMRi_JUwYOiYcspucnlQy2HaaO-uRcjxMA48dOK/s1600-h/Russian+Royalty.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 97px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRZsEiEOtBOolsTpYlg-_CjJzr4gRzn-weisW6CI0VVCddn-5wh4b5SwplcrrdqwN-_OfBNJDOn22A8-i_MyvLNVrFS8hvYoPKIuix5zMRi_JUwYOiYcspucnlQy2HaaO-uRcjxMA48dOK/s200/Russian+Royalty.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333233619399127970" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsOyh_492ZIv5Op9fCiYnChCk3HWzKVS1b2N5HJnIzkfP1tnfCQUBMW7nKALTYC7cr5Ss4gOXF2yuOhj-dB274e4c1hx6pRIPaNfLK0QmecSrdnkWcluMiOfq76TgJEvuGaQEbBrhRW7uA/s1600-h/Russian+Events.jpg"><img style="display:block; 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margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 104px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqg3z91Bnnt6TEeZuKpA30PXFroho1_e3gPNkA3x-614NJCY3eqGZnO7gNEPLMhbSvsD5e_M0HohBs4YnbouYSR1b2GkFglLUjLxB48EczBlLvenlBZ1_HFqz4u6R-ZXRQWJ0y9x_8GXo2/s200/Reverse+of+Royal+Russian+Event.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333301149951365154" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjspkPJJ53tQkmKlEsxiw4wO6ke6-Jp-9grhYHIjDo28sFRxDM9xYz4Egatrw52OHIuMqbeBuQROSbxY9eIfDtJ6ssAapfsn-LgvO7Y-3tUHSzthZhiK-bIacCOOzSfqLoWjauMZUYloVej/s1600-h/Reverse+of+Royal+Russian+Family+Events.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 106px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjspkPJJ53tQkmKlEsxiw4wO6ke6-Jp-9grhYHIjDo28sFRxDM9xYz4Egatrw52OHIuMqbeBuQROSbxY9eIfDtJ6ssAapfsn-LgvO7Y-3tUHSzthZhiK-bIacCOOzSfqLoWjauMZUYloVej/s200/Reverse+of+Royal+Russian+Family+Events.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333301146671319218" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ3cALjcX67o1yXkDAoTy2pxsE4_aYwn7YnlXeXVE_HMOXa1KdNuqUiRmZfdVIh84xxV483kCHHEtrryAlnaLhUW_eCDti7SzCLxRbz-xqQ_c5-DJPcyDi6OIPEYH9N9jLzHTDo8JApME0/s1600-h/Reverse+of+Post+Cards+of+Nicolas+II+of+Russia.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 136px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ3cALjcX67o1yXkDAoTy2pxsE4_aYwn7YnlXeXVE_HMOXa1KdNuqUiRmZfdVIh84xxV483kCHHEtrryAlnaLhUW_eCDti7SzCLxRbz-xqQ_c5-DJPcyDi6OIPEYH9N9jLzHTDo8JApME0/s200/Reverse+of+Post+Cards+of+Nicolas+II+of+Russia.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333305619734082162" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizaXK6JGUwZy9QmMytiUILhpNj-_JqkdZPCMbkuASvzqnZYIFUh5bcq87u197dGdzEA9xnP96HKk_tYAtPwvPaUQyDyo26ckNL04KJ5dSESBkp8dYd8S4M4OsLhneXIesAfm_7Ty3cS4k-/s1600-h/Reverse+of+Nicolas+II+Family+of+Russia.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 164px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizaXK6JGUwZy9QmMytiUILhpNj-_JqkdZPCMbkuASvzqnZYIFUh5bcq87u197dGdzEA9xnP96HKk_tYAtPwvPaUQyDyo26ckNL04KJ5dSESBkp8dYd8S4M4OsLhneXIesAfm_7Ty3cS4k-/s200/Reverse+of+Nicolas+II+Family+of+Russia.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333305614421681602" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOaLTzp3Wxg4Locprqf0oYruRRUpk55OfYc2IOHO74OBJxD7xomCgZ_Q2z0p6yXkxLABczyxMg3zHDXgGMv6IW9Q9-XgcPwZlaWdyN4a37U9LrqfQ_AeVGY7Nxltr_ZN2S-mYqGPYK_QMM/s1600-h/Revrse+of+Leaders+and+Princes+of+Russia.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 100px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOaLTzp3Wxg4Locprqf0oYruRRUpk55OfYc2IOHO74OBJxD7xomCgZ_Q2z0p6yXkxLABczyxMg3zHDXgGMv6IW9Q9-XgcPwZlaWdyN4a37U9LrqfQ_AeVGY7Nxltr_ZN2S-mYqGPYK_QMM/s200/Revrse+of+Leaders+and+Princes+of+Russia.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333305613655825362" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1MleliljCngbbYqfPDRtwWwGZPM3IaolZYih8f-BSxosr1KLZFqDpOBVTz4pVu4gmDRKQseDu2dqSU6MPVU97zDqS_vbPgQoMBAv04sSArvQtfe-0QE6Ep3fkUqYEmR8Trz_B5Es3Vt2c/s1600-h/Reverse+of+Nicolas+II+Family+of+Russia.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 164px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1MleliljCngbbYqfPDRtwWwGZPM3IaolZYih8f-BSxosr1KLZFqDpOBVTz4pVu4gmDRKQseDu2dqSU6MPVU97zDqS_vbPgQoMBAv04sSArvQtfe-0QE6Ep3fkUqYEmR8Trz_B5Es3Vt2c/s200/Reverse+of+Nicolas+II+Family+of+Russia.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333305606139739666" /></a>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-38878165612939630732009-02-28T15:59:00.001-05:002010-11-05T19:52:36.174-04:00Ethiopian Genealogy: The Traditional Method<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz_hCmcJk4le6zis-bO549HGhRot7fH4MobnMb1ByKgiIrlL-fqgy77YP9PU-8_EHVoLBEX558sQcn3NBXKI7jr46gyKpZVqnMTbf5mWUSdgnmYKstbe0zm0PWkdS-oWzd2PMctY2c5a2e/s1600-h/img032.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307957978914564610" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 216px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz_hCmcJk4le6zis-bO549HGhRot7fH4MobnMb1ByKgiIrlL-fqgy77YP9PU-8_EHVoLBEX558sQcn3NBXKI7jr46gyKpZVqnMTbf5mWUSdgnmYKstbe0zm0PWkdS-oWzd2PMctY2c5a2e/s320/img032.jpg" border="0" /></a>
<br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Woizero Atsede Awlawchew Yemiru (1956). 17th Descendant of Emperor Gelawdeos of Ethiopia</span></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span></span></span>
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<br />The records of Ethiopian genealogy<em></em> was usually kept by oral history and/or written history. Ancestral names are not used in Ethiopia. For example if Haile (first name) had a son named Abate (first name), records indicate that the person's full name is known as Abate Haile. If the first name of Haile's father is Haile Selassie, then the full name of Haile would be Haile Abate Haile Selassie and so on. However recently, ancestral name have began to be used in Ethiopia after the fall of the Feudal and Solomonic House of Ethiopia in 1974 (Haile Selassie I). Thus the ancestral name of Haile will be Haile Selassie and his grandchild Fayisa would be for example Fayisa Haile Selassie.
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<br />Written documents exists in Ethiopia and the records shown here was obtained from the daughter of Woizero Tejenesh Negussei of Selale, North of Addis Abeba. The records were passed from generation to generation, and in the process names were added by succeeding descendants. Similar records exists for the Emperors of Ethiopia and Meroe Ethiopia (Check Rulers of Ethiopia Blog). Ethiopians who were not able to acquire scribes , priests and literate persons usually preserved their history usuing oral tradition. In most cases most Ethiopians are related to Emperors, Queens, Emirs, Chiefs regardless of their heirarchial positions in society. Please comment on the pages that will be gradually added. Below is the first page from the genealogy list. It begins as follows:
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<br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">Atse (Emperor) Fassil begat Melakawit, Melakawit begat Gunday, Gunday begat Memhere Zekuskwam, Memhere (teacher) Zekuskwam begat Atse Tsebuhe etc.
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<br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">Eventually we will add the full translations into English. The word begat will be used for simplicity and tradition. Comment is highly appreciated especially if you click on the document below and help in deciphering unclear names.</span></span>
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<br /><div style="COLOR: rgb(153,0,0); TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0);font-size:100%;" >Page One: Records of Emperor Gelawdeos and Fassilidas (Fassil) 17th century:</span>
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<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXpXUtzBqBnDyo7dudf_BN6FQt36_u4zKCIa0ST0r88wCjZRriQWD1SJMaSwDw9kvvD1sUFlrIcoJNCmmAC4Ibcwv0fV6xozXkPLdqAqROpQu5sVAEy8yiTp0bz4qmdRL1BT4h6onfOM9G/s1600-h/Ethiopian+Family+Geneology.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307966678493005106" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 206px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXpXUtzBqBnDyo7dudf_BN6FQt36_u4zKCIa0ST0r88wCjZRriQWD1SJMaSwDw9kvvD1sUFlrIcoJNCmmAC4Ibcwv0fV6xozXkPLdqAqROpQu5sVAEy8yiTp0bz4qmdRL1BT4h6onfOM9G/s320/Ethiopian+Family+Geneology.jpg" border="0" /></a>
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<br />Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-40247626412011853132008-12-01T20:05:00.013-05:002010-11-09T22:21:12.942-05:00The Mystery of the Abyssinian Cat PedigreeBelow is Proof that the Abyssinian Cat originated from Ethiopia as reported by Harpers Weekly issue of 1872; A description of the history is in the last paragraph of the article<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlBkWdxrjp-ZQlTkHRLMUacjzdKpq1jle19l9LI5bKEJ4wNT7bOYvYISx7zbExwhS3_xMUp4StJLuct-dWIelkz8Pi-A-o_FJpzZxPAsmT9tVnE5JUy3WY_rA2yH58htL9Y_RJwhQCX7Av/s1600/img033.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5537754167120300322" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 170px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlBkWdxrjp-ZQlTkHRLMUacjzdKpq1jle19l9LI5bKEJ4wNT7bOYvYISx7zbExwhS3_xMUp4StJLuct-dWIelkz8Pi-A-o_FJpzZxPAsmT9tVnE5JUy3WY_rA2yH58htL9Y_RJwhQCX7Av/s400/img033.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Mhfmt2pc1tDdjcLns2xBOtMYjMycJN6vp-1Vv69Vsj1FTmYyjNOhW406DkprSkkqpkoHqxNRbGFd9WGIhS2idXNbvv79pxi3n4ydgSpF2G2GwMohvPQYzfxonCgBP9gFj7tZTqsgxQx-/s1600/img034.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5537343805820353250" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 172px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Mhfmt2pc1tDdjcLns2xBOtMYjMycJN6vp-1Vv69Vsj1FTmYyjNOhW406DkprSkkqpkoHqxNRbGFd9WGIhS2idXNbvv79pxi3n4ydgSpF2G2GwMohvPQYzfxonCgBP9gFj7tZTqsgxQx-/s400/img034.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKtLjMRkIj4ND_6UitHSC2lIeYG7dRq8ued2IdsP2Wka1IZAnMBQL6496poyZE0Y1i_bCQbOkN1uJ42maSRrPmcJg0nX3ek5Da6texRK7l0Kz11qD3fDIRvG_tNwcgWdVgLNwK6xmeuOBL/s1600/img031.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5537749259167914546" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 282px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKtLjMRkIj4ND_6UitHSC2lIeYG7dRq8ued2IdsP2Wka1IZAnMBQL6496poyZE0Y1i_bCQbOkN1uJ42maSRrPmcJg0nX3ek5Da6texRK7l0Kz11qD3fDIRvG_tNwcgWdVgLNwK6xmeuOBL/s400/img031.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><strong>1872</strong> <p></p><p><br /></p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLe2iSXyxC2dK7BenRLb0lZZTHTynOG3ETamQKO7r7aA2Sm_jfk6Sy6OMkx-Dg88MuDDDmztW56R4asujwuj4j8YZFmpJlzYzKhBISdbsWHvihyphenhyphenJFUEqJdMk7UJSyEOyH6qYAtEM_KtFBf/s1600/img035.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5537745702463965058" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 169px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLe2iSXyxC2dK7BenRLb0lZZTHTynOG3ETamQKO7r7aA2Sm_jfk6Sy6OMkx-Dg88MuDDDmztW56R4asujwuj4j8YZFmpJlzYzKhBISdbsWHvihyphenhyphenJFUEqJdMk7UJSyEOyH6qYAtEM_KtFBf/s400/img035.jpg" border="0" /> <p align="center"></a></p><strong>2010</strong><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCdQhpmpxX5Ty61Xamd-qlGc2m2klfPZo2sc-cp_sjyTt_Y8LuecKqW9cjWXBgQUYVXoDdxe4t7VOkIhbZ57hpXFyf6xGbz-PYVfV2Ddyy40LozD738DSw79HBqcMC2Uq_9UXSaU9L1Uni/s1600-h/abyssinian+cats.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5274997141111384018" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 198px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCdQhpmpxX5Ty61Xamd-qlGc2m2klfPZo2sc-cp_sjyTt_Y8LuecKqW9cjWXBgQUYVXoDdxe4t7VOkIhbZ57hpXFyf6xGbz-PYVfV2Ddyy40LozD738DSw79HBqcMC2Uq_9UXSaU9L1Uni/s320/abyssinian+cats.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br />This is the brief story of the breed of cats known as the Abyssinian cat of Ethiopia, a creature shrouded in Mystery and intrigue. It may be a new species that cropped out of the ordinary tabby kitten or a creation of a completely new species from a genetic freak event or the introduction of an unknown species that just looked like an ordinary cat, known only by the observing eyes of an expert. This is the story of the Abyssinian cat of Ethiopia that wandered to England from Ethiopia with the gentle care of a British soldier, a certain Captain Barrett Leonard, after the battle of Magdala of 1868 in Ethiopia and the suicide of the great Ethiopian Emperor Atse Tewodros. The records of these events in England or in Abyssinia exists but the story that was passed down orally also continues to this day. The photo above shows the Abyssinian Cat (lower right) in 1872 Harpers Weekly (Original Page is with Ethiopedia and can be purchased for 200 dollars or highest bidder).<br />The Abyssinian cat is considered as one of the smartest and gentlest of all cats but unfortunately the origin still remains in question or at best murky. It is not surprising when it comes to things out of Africa; questions are either artificially created or outright perceived or interpreted differently. No doubt, this is just another form of cultural or scientific discrimination that is constantly thrown in the faces of the just and peaceful people of Ethiopia.<br />The Abyssinian cat, as it is officially known, is one of the oldest breed of the cat family. It was found to be closely related to the ancient Egyptian Cats after careful anatomical studies of the ears, body structure and head. The home of the Abyssinian cat is Ethiopia. The Aby, as it is affectionately called by the English, is a Wild African Cat similar to wild cats in North Africa called Felis Lybica. The first of these cats out of Africa was aptly named Zula, a geographic location in Ethiopia near the Red Sea.<br />The fur is ticked with black or brown making the cat very unusual. In fact, sometimes the hair is ticked with four different colored ticks. The Abyssinian cat was renamed as a British Tick or a Bunny Cat after many discussions by the cat fanciers considered its origin to be from the British tabby cats rather from Ethiopia.Domestic cats are rare in Ethiopia or so it appeared to the British. In 1805, Henry Salt indicated in his travels in Ethiopia that every household had cats. He did not describe them in great detail. The British however perceived that the Ethiopians, as eaters of raw meat, to never have been animal lovers nor keep pets. This perception led to disagreements in 1900 about the origin of these cats and an attempt to rename the Abyssinian Cat as British Ticked Cat or Bunny Cat. This attempt failed after greater interest and examination of the cat by cat lovers and further discoveries of these cats in Ethiopia. The name Abyssinian refused to disappear and ever since these cats remained as Abyssinian cats.<br />In order to preserve these ancient looking cats from the ravages of war, a stock of Abyssinian cats was also sent to America during World War II where registration of the cats began. Another pair was imported from England to the United States in 1935. Unfortunately, it died as a kitten. The best Abyssinian cat in England, called Ras Seyoum, was imported from England to the United States in1938. This incident caused a great uproar in England because the United States was now becoming a center for the interest in these unusual and rare Ethiopian cats.<br />Is Abyssinian a breeder’s creation? Most likely it is a mixture of a British tabby and an the wild African cat (more accurately an Ethiopian Wild Cat) and a domestic cat. Felis Lybica, the Wild African Cat (more accurately an Ethiopian Wild Cat not yet known or discovered), lives in the Abyssinian breed and is the ancestor of the cats of Egypt Western Europe Greece and Rome. Proof that Abyssinian cat exists in Ethiopia is the birth in 1957 in Addis Ababa of a cat whose father was a wild cat and mother a domestic cat. The MacGuires, teachers at the Haile Sellassie I Day School adapted this cat as a pet. His name was Smokey P. and an exit visa had to name him as a Pelt (skin) with a live animal inside. Finally after a wild trip through Egypt, Europe and New York the cat ended up in his new home in Massachusetts.<br />The advances in DNA technology developed species identification of any living organism including the cat. Recent results have concluded that in fact the Abyssinian cat’s origin is in India not Ethiopia. The question however is where the Indian cat did originate from if there is any truth in the study? There seems to be more questions raised than answered! Apparently a ticked cat in the Leiden Zoological Museum in Holland was obtained from India in 1834 and labeled Patrie Domestica India and that the modern Abyssinian cats came from these cats. DNA also shows genetic similarities between the Abyssinian and the Indian cats.<br /><span style="color:#ff0000;">Ethiopian Wild Cats Discovered!!</span> If you want to make heads turn try to locate the unique Abyssinian Cats in the wilds of Ethiopia. Do not confuse the cats with the more common domestic Talian and Engliz cats. Study the characteristics of the image on this website http://www.wnca.com.au (see above image).<br /><br />References<br /><br />Journey from the Blue Nile A History of the Abyssinian Cat by Aida Bartleman Zanetti, Elinor Dennis and Mary E. Hantzmon, United Abyssinian Club, Inc. 1960.<br /><br />http://www.wnca.com.au Image of ruddy Abyssinian Cat http://www.abyssiniancatclub.com/VHS%20essay_abyssinian_cat.htmEthiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-58591840155656011082008-11-20T11:24:00.000-05:002008-12-02T08:14:37.836-05:00Extinction of the Ethiopian Languages Qemant Geez Weyto Quaregna and GafatThe progressive extinction of the indigenous Ethiopian languages of Qemant,Geez, Gafat, Quaregna and Weyto is discussed. The focus will be on the language of Geez. The extinction of the other four minor languages will reinforce and prove that the cause of the extinction of Geez many centuries ago is still valid today due to the emergence and dominance of Amharic. The main anthropological concepts of culture, language, ethnicity (ethnic group) and environment (adaptation) of these five major extinct languages is discussed.<br /><br />The <strong>QUAREGNA</strong> language may have been similar to Qemant or archaic Amharic. There is little information about this language and the people of that area now identify themselves as Amharas. Some still identify themselves as Quara or Quarey due to oral history that identifies them as such. <br /><br /><strong>GEEZ</strong> is one of Ethiopia’s oldest languages is Geez and the Ethiopians believe that this language was given to them by God. The speakers of Geez were known as the Agazians and their origin is obscured in the mist of time. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to pinpoint the causes of the decline and extinction of Geez but the hypothesis can be conjectured by analyzing the development of the culture, language, environment, and adaptation of the Agazian people during the changes that took place around 700 A.D. Cultural, ethnic, and environmental aspects of Amharic (South of Geez area) contributed to why this language slowly headed into extinction. The Ethiopians believe that their multi-ethnic society existed during the era of the Pharaohs about 4000 years ago. During this time period, the Ethiopian Agazian (Axumite) tribe spoke their unique Semitic (more correctly Ethiopic) language called Geez. In addition, the Agazians built monuments and governed distant colonies of Egypt, Sudan, and Yemen. The Agazian Empire extended into certain parts of southern Ethiopia too and as a result, much of southern Ethiopia’s population, language, and culture were influenced. According to historians, the Agazian Empire (Axumite Empire) was a world power comparable to the ancient empires of Greece, Rome, Egypt, and Persia. The Agazian tribe eventually evolved into three separate major branches of ethnic groups. The following is the list of the three major Ethiopian Semitic languages in the order of being most closely related to Geez: Tigre, Tigringa, and Am(h)arigna (Amarigna) among others. Amharic, the most Southern of these three languages expanded further south while Tigre expanded to the West and Tigrigna remained at the locality where the Geez people originally lived where it was confined by the Red Sea and the lowlands of the Western region of Axum.<br /><br /><strong>GAFAT</strong> is another language that slowly headed into extinction due to the emergence and dominance of Amharic. During the reign of Emperor Fasilida in the 17th century, Gafat was the common language spoken among the Ethiopians who lived in the Blue Nile area of the province of Begemder which is now present day province of Gonder. Unlike Geez, the Gafat language is classified as being Afro-Asiatic Semitic while some classify it as Cushitic. The cultural, ethnic, and environmental interaction of the Gafat language with Amharic culture and dominance contributed to why this language slowly headed into extinction. First, the Gafat people were known for being the bravest of soldiers; for this reason, the Amharic speaking Amhara Emperors recruited them as soldiers. Thus, their career as soldiers for the Emperor of Ethiopia (and allies of the Amhara people (Amhara Culture), eroded the Gafat language and culture. Second, since the Gafat people were surrounded by the Amhara people from the North and East, the Gafat people had no choice but to adapt to the culture and environment of the Amhara people. These are very significant anthropological facts because culture is a result between the environment and human beings; therefore, culture is knowledge. Also, culture is a way of survival if human beings are able to adjust to their environment and with each other. <br /><br /><strong>QEMANT</strong> is the third major ancient Ethiopian language that slowly headed into extinction due to the emergence and dominance of Amharic. The Qemant are an ancient Cushitic people living in Northwestern Ethiopia near Lake Tana. This language is a branch of another "almost" extinct Ethiopian language called Agaw. Nevertheless, the Amharic language and culture of the Amhara people slowly forced the Qemant people to abandon their language along with their pagan Hebraic religion. The scripts they use is Ethiopic but earlier travellers have reported that there was a script used by the Qemant. In addition there are remamnts of their language within the Amharic type they use in their daily conversations today.<br /><br />Finally, <strong>WEYTO</strong> is the fourth major ancient Ethiopian language that slowly headed into extinction due to the emergence and dominance of Amharic. The Weyto lived near Lake Tana where their language was spoken. The hippopotamus dwelt in this region and these animals were used for food and their skins were used as shields for the Amharas (some classify these Weyto as Hippopotamus Culture people). The Weyto tribe practiced their traditional pagan religion and they were not Christians like the Amhara ethnic group. For this reason, the Weyto were not allowed to enter the homes of the Christian Amhara peoples because they believed that their presence would bring them bad luck. The Amharas never learned or adapted to the language of the Weyto. In a sense, the Weyto language was kept a secret from the Amhara peoples so that they could use it as a secret language. Thus, the language of the Weyto people died out and today they are an indistinguishable ethnic group from the Amhara people. This is true because the Weyto adapted to the culture and language of the Amhara. The classification of this language is uncertain; however, it is probably classified as being Eastern Sudanic or Cushitic. In sum, since the Weyto people were surrounded by Amharic speakers, they had no choice but to conform to the major language of Amharic and their Cushitic culture was absorbed by the Amhara culture.<br /><br />In conclusion, the indigenous dominant language of Amarigna and its Ethiopic scripts expanded from the central province of Amhara. Ethiopia is a multiethnic society with over eighty languages and with over two hundred dialects. Thus, Ethiopia is an excellent country to study the evolution of new languages and the extinction of old ones. In addition, the Ethiopians viewed Amharic as being a language of nobility; for this reason, many Ethiopian tribes desired to speak it, aside for use as trading communication. In other words, the Ethiopians highly esteemed and glorified Amharic and considered it as the language of Kings (Lisane Negus). It is important to know that language is described as being a very complex system of symbols. Language in some sense defines culture; however, language does not define cultural identity. For this reason, it is not possible to know a language without knowing the culture.<br /><br /><br />References; Emperor Tewodros Ethiopian Library, Washington DC http://www.angelfire.com/ga2/ethiopia/Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-58127096915337071262008-09-08T18:36:00.000-04:002008-09-17T19:14:28.867-04:00Where is the Letter P in the Ethiopic Languages ?There are no words in the Ethiopic Languages that contain the letter P. Only loan words such as Police, Post Office, Pyramid, Peter and Paul etc exists in the Amharic Tigrigna, Tigre, Oromo, Afar, Somali and other Ethiopian languages. An Amharic dictionary may have no more than 20 loan words in the P category (example Kesate Birhan Amharic Dictionary). <br />The nearest alphabet used by rural Ethiopians unfamiliar with the "P" loan words is by pronouncing the "P" as a "B". Therefore these loan words are pronounced as: Bolice, Bost or Bosta, Byramid, Beter and Baul. This phenomenon also exists in Arabic speakers of the Middle East<br />The alphabet or Abugida or HaHuHi letter "P" is found in the Ethiopian Alphabetical Chart (See below) in the Ethiopic form and its origin is uncertain.<br /><br /><strong>The Ethiopian Alphabets</strong> <br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFNDRP8SRI2_ul-gHoOjUDEAcXctTIYSKB9C3OJLE29vdgjQmwiFJC2jQdM8K5ZN2D_q1cD6GMLyofBkHwaq1m_cOm8SNAy_ivLFvj7ct6rcn0n5iz-dOMxQNgx2JD3ImItpvy74B2ZNyV/s1600-h/img030.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFNDRP8SRI2_ul-gHoOjUDEAcXctTIYSKB9C3OJLE29vdgjQmwiFJC2jQdM8K5ZN2D_q1cD6GMLyofBkHwaq1m_cOm8SNAy_ivLFvj7ct6rcn0n5iz-dOMxQNgx2JD3ImItpvy74B2ZNyV/s320/img030.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5243796965953056114" /></a><br />There are two versions of the Letter "P" (click twice on Chart); A regular "P" and a tight "P.". Post is written out with the regular "P" and Peter is written using the tight "P."<br /><br />The details, origins, philosophy, description and interpretation of the Ethiopic Alphabets (also called Geez, Giiz, Abugida and HaHuHi), refer to the excellent work of Dr. Ayele Bekerie of Cornell University. The author also describes how it is related to the ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics and other cultures. For even further details visit the sight at http://www.library.cornell.edu/africana/Writing_Systems/book.htmlEthiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-55542202619308772782008-09-02T20:47:00.001-04:002009-11-28T02:17:19.976-05:00Dula(s): The Staff and Stick Culture of Ethiopia<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjub2qXiKWuJyVtp1d4V9y3r8T9yOCA9QE2F1WV3itS-SUlgz95844SzXJaDU1YgY2JRu8517yU5gHQU8VDq_fg4lved4FszPK6GcLdchoY-tOvq4dYu5NPWfd2stzX5fagNpTsjA8pTxyh/s1600-h/img023.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5241594244477381410" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjub2qXiKWuJyVtp1d4V9y3r8T9yOCA9QE2F1WV3itS-SUlgz95844SzXJaDU1YgY2JRu8517yU5gHQU8VDq_fg4lved4FszPK6GcLdchoY-tOvq4dYu5NPWfd2stzX5fagNpTsjA8pTxyh/s320/img023.jpg" border="0" /></a>Ethiopians have to use Dulas due to the terrain of the country. Here many use the dula during the celebration of Timket also known as Epiphany.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:180%;color:#3333ff;">Dulas<br /></span><br />In Ethiopia, one can very well ask the question which came first, the stick or the stone as the first tool. The archeo-paleo-anthropological stone-age era could have well been preceded by the stick era. It is obvious that sticks have turned to dust somewhere in the mist of time as compared to stone tools; or has it? Take a closer look into the present day Ethiopian culture and one will aptly find the remnants of the stick culture still in use today. Thus, the stick may have come first many millennia ago in Ethiopia. The stick commonly called “dula” in Ethiopia may have been the first tool after all. Even today, the dula is still widely used to ward off wild animals and ensure that humans can travel from point A to point B without being eaten alive by the clawed and fanged beasts of the fields, forests, and savannas. The dula is also used as a deterrent against strangers, highway robbers and enemies.<br />The lonely dula, however, did not remain for long as a plain regular stick. Like the staff of Moses, it has branched and flowered into many types of instruments and weapons. Hundreds of stick varieties evolved from the simple and lonely dula. It would be very difficult to include all the various types of sticks, staff, rods, and batons practiced by the eighty ethnic groups of Ethiopia. The majority of the dulas described here are from the main tribes of the Oromo, Amhara, Tigre and other tribes.<br />The Ethiopian stick is usually made from hardwood or bamboo. It is fired or flamed to further harden it and oiled to preserve the integrity of the wood to prevent cracking. Dulas are also made from cedar wood (tid), acacia (grar), wild olive (weira), sycamore (warka), vines (hareg) and bamboo (shembeko Kerkeha and Reed).<br />The most common term for sticks is dula. The dula can be a walking stick, a guard's zebegna stick, or any type of long well oiled and flamed stick about four to five feet in length. The term dula will therefore be used as a generic word for stick in describing the dula stick culture of Ethiopia.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Dula(s): The Staffs and Sticks of Ethiopia</span><br /></span><br />Dula is an Amharic word for a stick or staff. It can refer to any stick but in most cases it is the humble walking stick that is used throughout Ethiopia. On rare occasions, it can be the name of a boy born on the high windswept mountains or fierce deserts of Ethiopia. Structurally, the dula consists of a head, neck, body (or spine) and the foot. The head is the part that is handled by the hands. The foot of the dula is the part that touches the ground. The neck of the dula lies immediate to the rear of the head. The main body between the foot and the neck can be described as the body or spine of the dula. These famous Dulas (Sticks) of Ethiopia can been categorized into 5 groups;<br /><br />1. Walking stick dulas<br />2. Fighting stick dulas<br />3. Honorific stick dulas<br />4. Utility stick dulas<br />5. Game stick dulas<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Walking Stick Dulas</span></span><br />These sticks are typically and commonly called Dula (plural Dulas). It is a generic term and can be applied to many types of sticks used for many types of purpose. However, in Ethiopia, a dula is mostly understood to be a walking stick or a stick used for protection.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Dula:</span> The typical Ethiopian walking stick or stick used for protection from adversaries and wild animals. The dula is used as a generic term to describe any stick that has been oiled, fired and hardened.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Komet:</span> This dula is typically used by youths. The head is round and knobbed and is specifically designed to knock off an adversary or incapacitate wild animals. It is usually made from hardwood.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Kentero:</span> A short dula specifically designed to strike down and incapacitate a person to the ground. It is made from hardwood with a large round head, somewhat knobbed. It is short enough in length to use as a walking stick or to swing and strike at an adversary with an effective and deadly result.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Kolmama:</span> A dula that is manufactured from sorghum stem. The body of the dula is twisted around several times for a long-lasting tensile strength. The head part of the stick is knobby.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Belota:</span> A short dula, a walking stick, similar to the Kentero.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Kerkeha:</span> A dula or walking stick made from a bamboo (or reed) called kerkeha. It sometimes goes by the name kerkaha signifying the material it is made of, i.e., kerkeha bamboo.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Kezera:</span> This dula is similar to the Kerkeha but is made from wood. It has a seven-shaped head. It is somewhat similar to the Beter and Merkuz and sometimes even goes by these names.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Deguasa:</span> A very large Beter walking stick dula.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Qumit:</span> walking stick (?).<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Meqa Dula:</span> A dula stick made from Meqa, a type of reed.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Shenboqo Dula:</span> A dula stick made from shenboqo, a small Ethiopian bamboo.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Zeng:</span> Zeng is a type of Beter used by those who walk long distances in the wilderness and wilds of Ethiopia. It is a formidable weapon and as such held very dearly and closely by the owner.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Beter:</span> A slender wood somewhat long, well-oiled and treated. It is often used as a corporal punishment tool on misbehaving children.<br /><br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Utility Stick Dulas</span></span><br /><span style="color:#000000;">Utility sticks are sticks used for some other chores other than walking sticks, dulas </span><br /><span style="color:#000000;"><br /></span><span style="color:#3333ff;">Cheibo:</span><br />This is a torch made from brushes and sticks. It can be embedded with other combustible material to ensure a long term effect. It is used on holidays such as Buhay (Harvest Festival) and Meskel (Festival of the Cross or Finding of the True Cross). This type of torch is usually hand-held.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Tcheraro:<br /></span>Thin pieces of low-quality sticks used for various purposes. As a single stick with small branchesof no more than a yard in length, it can be used as a temporary dula. But the name signifies as thin, so it cannot be used in the classical sense as a dula (see Walking Stick). One usually swings it around aimlessly as he or she walks. It can also be used for making a cheibo or to start a fire and keep the fire going on or as a temporary outdoor broom. “Thin as a tsheraro” is a common expression.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Demera:<br /></span>A Demera is a bonfire of special significance. Piles of sticks are burned during New Year, called Enqutatash, or during the celebration of Meskel, the finding of the True Cross. Personal Demera maybe be a foot high and National Demera used at Meskel Square in Addis Abeba can be twenty feet high and twenty feet across.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Terada:</span><br /> This long dula is used inside a tent to prop up and support it. If the pole that is used is positioned in a horizontal manner, it is referred to as Agdem Terada.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Mensh:<br /></span>A long stick with 3 pronged or forked end used in the field during harvest time.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Mekotkocha:</span><br />A long wood used to till the earth. It is smaller than the Geso and used extensively in agriculture.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Mekoferiya:</span><br />A long stick used to upturn the earth.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Yelo:<br /></span>The Yelo are sticks derived from the Atena (A small tree) of below good grade value. The Yelo is of a girth that is too large to use as a dula and thus often used for walls of the “mud and wattle” type of houses (Gojo Bet or Tukul). Technically, the girth or diameter is about 4 inches or as the Amharic description goes “Behulet Ej Yemitchebet”.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Tewaga:<br /></span>A strong pole about 4 feet long used to jam a door from the inside to prevent access into a house. This is a typical device used in huts in the countryside or small villages where padlock keys may not be available or suitable to use.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Madenkeria:</span><br />This is a similar device as a Tewaga but can be used as a jamming device anywhere applicable.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Kulkuye:<br /></span>A dula stick used by shepherds. It is effective in protecting the herds as well as the shepherd (in Amharic Eregna) from wild animals and cattle hustlers.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Attara Dula:<br /></span>A dula stick used by shepherds. This may be similar to the Kulkuye mentioned above or a variation of the dula itself.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Terkeza:</span><br />A long pole used as an oar for boats (Jelba) or a papyrus reed boat called a Tankwa. The Tankwa is similar in appearance and build to the reed boats used by the ancient Egyptians and the Indians of Lake Titicaca in South America. Basically, the user or oarsman firmly plants the Terkeza pole into the water and pushes the boat forward.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Meqzefia:</span><br />An oar used for a boat (Jelba) or a papyrus reed boat (Tankwa).<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Embilta:<br /></span>A very long flute-like musical instrument made from the kerkeha bamboo trunk. It is strapped to the chest or held by both hands in a vertical position and played by blowing into a hole on the side of the bamboo. Each Embilta has its own unique sound and therefore several instruments are played in unison to achieve a somber music with unusual resonance.<br /> The Dula can have many applications other than a walking stick.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Zabia:</span><br />Zabia is the wooden handle of a spear. The term also applies to the handle of an ax, pick, shovel and other tools. Another name for Zabia is Somia.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Somia:</span><br />The wooden handle of a spear is called Somia. Another name for Somia is Zabia.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Kareyza:</span><br />A stretcher made from two large dulas to carry a sick person or a casualty of war to a hospital or treatment center or home.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Meberberia:</span> A long wood with a 3-pronged head. It is also called a Mensh and is used for agricultural purposes such as willowing.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Zenezena:</span><br />A very large dula, the girth of which is about 4 inches in diameter used to pound grain in a muketcha.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Mesbekia:</span> A wooden stick used for churning milk. <br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;color:#3333ff;">Fighting Stick Dulas<br /></span><br />Fighting sticks are generally used in sports and for protection from wild animals and enemies. Fighting sticks can range in size anywhere from 3 feet to nine feet in length. It is a stick that is held very closely, treated with respect and strengthened by initially firing it and oiling it to prevent cracking and splintering. Some dulas, like the Donga and the Eba are specifically made for fighting and/or competition sport while others, like the Kentero, are actually a walking stick.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Donga:<br /></span>This is a very strong fighting stick that is used by the Surma and Mursi of Southwestern Ethiopia. It exceeds in length greater than the height of the owner and a ten foot weapon is not unusual. Hundreds gather during sports events and fighting competition continues until a winner is declared as the hero of the tribe. The prevention of serious injuries is accomplished by wrapping the head, arms, legs and torso several times with cotton shawls. In a ferocious fight, one can hardly make out the figure of a person as the blur of the stick and shawl envelops the fighter into a ghostly figure!<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Iba:<br /></span>The game of Iba is played by the Oromo people of Metcha in the province of Showa, Ethiopia. The formidable weapon used is essentially a large Dula of no particular description. Two opposing groups vie for the best spot to invade each other’s territory. Commonly, a stream divides the opposing resident’s fighters. Swinging their large Dulas, the fighters prepare to invade each other’s territory by stomping the earth and chanting war songs. Eventually, one group courageously invades, and a fierce battle begins until dusk. The clubbing stops when one territory surrenders in humiliation and defeat.<br />Emperor Haile Selassie, upon hearing about the Iba game, condemned the bloody sport and had it banned. Nevertheless, this sport continues to this day.<br /><br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Honorific Stick Dulas<br /></span><br />These dulas are typically used for ceremonial purposes. They are handled with great honor and respect and are sometimes elaborately designed. The honorific dulas are often repetitive of a people, nation and chiefs.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Sendek:</span><br />The Sendek is a dula known commonly as a flag pole. It is used to fly the National Tri-color of Ethiopia’s Green Gold and Red Flag. In the ancient times, before the flag was adapted as the National Flag, bunches of leaves and Adey Abeba flowers adored the end of the pole to signify the new birth of the new year called Awdamet or other festivities. This ceremony is still carried on today during the Meskel and New Year festivities. The Sendek with the flag was commonly raised at the tent of the emperor so that the exact location of the Ethiopian leaders was visible to all who encamped. This imperial mobile city of tent camps was actually the Capital City of the Nation.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Mequamia:<br /></span>This is a prayer stick used by the elderly and the church clergy. The Mequamia is used in the standing position during the long church ceremonies. The head of the staff has a T-shaped brass or iron handle that can be used as a chin rest. In church festivities, such as in “dances” at Epiphany called Timket in Amharic, the Mequamia is held and waved according to certain rules and rhythms of the church chants of praise. Thus the Mequamia is somewhat akin to a conductor’s baton in an orchestra. In addition it is used respectfully as a walking stick by the very elderly when traveling to and from church.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Zeger:</span><br />This was an honorific spear used in the old days. It was respectfully carried by a special spear and shield carrier of a feudal chieftain. This type of spear was unusually large and long with ornamented wood and a sharp tipped spear head.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Betre Mengist:<br /></span>This is a golden baton that is held by the right hand when the emperors were crowned King of Kings. It represented authority and ability of the emperors to rule Ethiopia.<br /><br /><br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#3333ff;">Miniature Dulla Sticks:</span></strong><br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;"><span style="color:#000000;">This sticks are too small to be considered as dulas but the technique to develop them and craft them are nevertheless the same!</span> </span><br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Meka Berei (Reed Pen)</span><br />As the name implies, this is a pen (Berei) made from Meka, a type of bamboo reed that is stronger than Shenboko. This type of miniature dulla stick has been used for many centuries by Ethiopian scribes.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Ters Mefakia (Chewing Stick or tooth brush)</span><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRjs2c9OL38H-f-h7P-0BvgZ561Jwk_iKjmiAc9AlKh_ESMJXT4mqLd_OEPcL5GBV3flD0Zo9p8bBDSo0nhD8b7UcNaUJRqgqBoGVAtGfh08iBDZY0Ou3PPB1nVf3RZX7QQu_Ijsjt0B7N/s1600-h/tooth+brushes.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5250085299752106226" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRjs2c9OL38H-f-h7P-0BvgZ561Jwk_iKjmiAc9AlKh_ESMJXT4mqLd_OEPcL5GBV3flD0Zo9p8bBDSo0nhD8b7UcNaUJRqgqBoGVAtGfh08iBDZY0Ou3PPB1nVf3RZX7QQu_Ijsjt0B7N/s320/tooth+brushes.jpg" border="0" /></a> Ethiopian tooth brush or Ters Mefakia (thebeltonfamily.net)<br /><br />Ters Mefakia literally means teeth scrapper in Amharic. Chewing sticks are made from the roots, twigs and stems of plants that contain high levels of fibers. The Zana tooth brush is used more often but other types of twigs such as acacia is used in Ethiopia. Sometimes these tooth brushes are a two or three foot long twigs with leaves still attached such that the person can also use it as a miniature dula stick to ward of flies or even animals such as dogs. Continued use of this twig, particularly by shepherds, shortens the Ters Mefakia to a 6 inch or less stub that can be pocketed after use. Alternatively a village merchant manufactures these tooth sticks using the best fibrous twigs and makes a living. His customers are mainly city folks who have less access to the tree.<br />A smart Ethiopian student in Germany (1960's) used to sell Ters Mefakia and was able to finish school and return back to his homeland. He peddled the tooth brushes as anti-cancer sticks which many Germans enthusiastically purchased. This story was obtained from Ato Kebede of the Ethiopian Embassy. It is a fact though that the Ters Mefakia twigs usually have an antimicrobial effect as well as scrapping plaques off, thus leaving a clean and fresh mouth at all times.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Ye Astay Entshet or Sebeka Entshet(flint Wood)<br /></span>When Ethiopians did not have access to matches to light a fire, they had their own system of using twigs or wood to create fire by friction. Remote areas may still use this stone age method.<br /><br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;">Enzert (Spindle)<br /></span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC-75e_3tdTCdGyxFiGzyWKK4zlQFY5_zH8LLsn1plhw087NLcNouHK_rS-fu1QghQ5yD4zMm40VMS65ROJKsvb_P_GDiCV6DEvOojlwmF1zIaBdKE8OcqWGcadiEVAx2qpX5ROfKASA1z/s1600-h/Spindle+for+Spinning+cotton.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5250087322153560098" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC-75e_3tdTCdGyxFiGzyWKK4zlQFY5_zH8LLsn1plhw087NLcNouHK_rS-fu1QghQ5yD4zMm40VMS65ROJKsvb_P_GDiCV6DEvOojlwmF1zIaBdKE8OcqWGcadiEVAx2qpX5ROfKASA1z/s320/Spindle+for+Spinning+cotton.jpg" border="0" /></a> Ethiopian Enzert Spindle<br /><br />This miniature wood is made from the Kerkeha wood, a type of bamboo. It is used to spin cotton and is commonly used by women in the household as an extra source of income.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="color:#000099;"><strong>Sports Game Dulla Sticks:</strong><br /></span><br />These dulla sticks are typically made for sports and fun games. However, they can be weaponized when the need arises as protective weapons.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="color:#000099;">Kolafa (Hockey Stick)</span><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPoOuPL6Ntudd5NdPK2C2rWAHA0p-8na42SizW3al5_3wF2hPrBUK3g8SxkEVWfcmLlbOyrZKtrSfh58zbT_KE0-fwxx_MWl7CL4A7oi8qbJAJlDBDdO4LgVm7v0c2H7xfDlQKA0Nzsm8u/s1600-h/gena.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5250089732900141426" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPoOuPL6Ntudd5NdPK2C2rWAHA0p-8na42SizW3al5_3wF2hPrBUK3g8SxkEVWfcmLlbOyrZKtrSfh58zbT_KE0-fwxx_MWl7CL4A7oi8qbJAJlDBDdO4LgVm7v0c2H7xfDlQKA0Nzsm8u/s320/gena.jpg" border="0" /></a> Gena Game and Kolafa dula<br /><br />This dula is used for playing the game of Gena. Gena, which means Christmas, is played during Christmas Day on January the seventh. The main feature of the stick is the bent front end or head of the club used to hit the Gena ball.<br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="color:#000099;">The Kolafa (Negarit Drum Stick)<br /></span>Kolafa is also the name applied for the drum stick of the huge Negarit drum of Ethiopia. The booming sound that is produced is used to summon the people for mobilization in times of war.<br /><br /><span style="color:#000099;">Seged Dula:(Lance)</span><br />A long stick or lance used in the game called Gittay. The size may vary from 5 to 7 feet in length but no specific length is recommended as long as it can be tossed great distances. However the wood is as strong as olive wood and it is made from a type of hard wood found in the lowlands. The game of Gittay is to aim and throw the Seged dula and strike a cactus tree from several feet away.<br /><br /><span style="color:#000099;">Eba Dula:(War Club)</span><br />Eba is a war game that is played by the Metta Oromos of Ethiopia near Ambo, about 50 miles from Addis Abeba. Groups of youths from either side of a river face each other, chanting war songs, sizing each other and swinging the dula in a strike pose, threateningly. This intimidation is followed by a charge, actual and bluffs, until one opposing group overwhelms the other and declares victory. (Check Eba as Fighting Stick).<br /><br /><span style="color:#000099;">Shkerkerit: (Hoop Wheel)</span><br />A hoop made from a flexible twig or a strong vine. The hoop is rolled and controlled with a hooked wire attached to the end of a wooden stick.<br /><br /><span style="color:#000099;">Yeferas Guks or Feres Guks: (Polo)</span><br />A horse game akin to Polo of the West. Only Ethiopian men play yeferas guks. Two opposing groups ride on horseback and throw bamboo or wooden lances at each other. It is often held during the afternoon of Timqat. Young warriors in capes and head-dresses made from lions' manes battle one another by throwing the bamboo lances. They protect themselves with shields or just glance back and avoid the incoming lance. Centuries ago, survival in this type of game depended on the rider's skill, because there was no armor for protection and the javelins used were sharp and deadly.Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-71513323918379777622008-07-21T19:11:00.001-04:002010-12-12T15:51:47.548-05:00Ethiopian Hair StylesEthiopian Hairstyles from former Provinces of Ethiopia. There are many variations of these styles from other tribes. The names of some of these hair styles are described below.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdPd3ymnUu32HaZ6xpjC8wSsPcZKyv3FynKqsAB0j2KeEscAemIPIdcZ4TF0ulrJbvgyCRYJhQ_EcldYkndDeHciGH6G4GQx5pd0oJ2RWSzay0anHXX4mmF-qmbkCsu1bZfvipBDww-nUq/s1600/img090.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5549892913382445234" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 281px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdPd3ymnUu32HaZ6xpjC8wSsPcZKyv3FynKqsAB0j2KeEscAemIPIdcZ4TF0ulrJbvgyCRYJhQ_EcldYkndDeHciGH6G4GQx5pd0oJ2RWSzay0anHXX4mmF-qmbkCsu1bZfvipBDww-nUq/s400/img090.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoNNpEB3CvJN3RftzOB6oHYDNfJM3Ezm55lBXl1mGF0WyNl1Bvx55g5ja-wNkr-VRUjCsAWGheBy0JHMsQ3Qq_kpPzqocKwP0pGhlwvRraA0LFoS2hfQiqnNelMqdbebUDM9G_YEZPCtp7/s1600-h/hair.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275309890142612306" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 240px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoNNpEB3CvJN3RftzOB6oHYDNfJM3Ezm55lBXl1mGF0WyNl1Bvx55g5ja-wNkr-VRUjCsAWGheBy0JHMsQ3Qq_kpPzqocKwP0pGhlwvRraA0LFoS2hfQiqnNelMqdbebUDM9G_YEZPCtp7/s320/hair.jpg" border="0" /></a> Sheruba</div><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTTgnAudlnH6CuG7plsj4nkePfT4ZiKwOCFpRiXDG3lP80uktEOvtT3RwOb8vx6NxFSv-our8BuKSSYLD65LB5iQ4I9MEo2phMO_b1yh7pIzzfVTfd5GqsO8Sdx8N94Sxa1R62U1S0-gme/s1600-h/hair3.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275309885215813010" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 281px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTTgnAudlnH6CuG7plsj4nkePfT4ZiKwOCFpRiXDG3lP80uktEOvtT3RwOb8vx6NxFSv-our8BuKSSYLD65LB5iQ4I9MEo2phMO_b1yh7pIzzfVTfd5GqsO8Sdx8N94Sxa1R62U1S0-gme/s320/hair3.jpg" border="0" /> <p align="center"></a></p>Qaray<br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOAnRAZ1X2i81Md9jXmd25pFoyi4Sv4iJ5Udap8v5JNlwcvdc71DUzcCp9-0_9SmQZxZzlzL6fP_-zJrmI2BLbUuIV94HzxU_LRvYQjy-FOB_A4A6NZwvB1gPIj2Dgy3rOYY3k00H2MvlK/s1600-h/hair6mursi.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275307500785168834" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 245px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 240px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOAnRAZ1X2i81Md9jXmd25pFoyi4Sv4iJ5Udap8v5JNlwcvdc71DUzcCp9-0_9SmQZxZzlzL6fP_-zJrmI2BLbUuIV94HzxU_LRvYQjy-FOB_A4A6NZwvB1gPIj2Dgy3rOYY3k00H2MvlK/s320/hair6mursi.jpg" border="0" /></a> Mursi People Hairstyle</div><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsym7MkG_EkWFv2wxN99qgHHhYXCEVYmXKczZRscPkqC2Qfz7gxaS1XRdxneaAA_GIliJLEqt3YNq9bSZp4iB4nBwkvS1TqTyvjAPhWBljwxBBbWF4dQWf5Adyam6qLbDIPWtx3NR1YHql/s1600-h/hair4.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5275307472263160770" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 277px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsym7MkG_EkWFv2wxN99qgHHhYXCEVYmXKczZRscPkqC2Qfz7gxaS1XRdxneaAA_GIliJLEqt3YNq9bSZp4iB4nBwkvS1TqTyvjAPhWBljwxBBbWF4dQWf5Adyam6qLbDIPWtx3NR1YHql/s320/hair4.jpg" border="0" /></a>Sadula Hairstyle of Tigre and Amhara</div><p><br /></p><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwzcDrFqqMtlnwjzdOmNTbLLw4IZ1EiphMBeIn6HoEvw4ZQr1RkMaF0JcHqqRKHyStDnDxbu9lgK3m_3mdjX-TE3yPDXaSJgLfQvDhB8PdRdV7bpNuseAZ6-Ngp_LRoTowMbjGeoWcKl7v/s1600-h/img028.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5242304274239090898" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwzcDrFqqMtlnwjzdOmNTbLLw4IZ1EiphMBeIn6HoEvw4ZQr1RkMaF0JcHqqRKHyStDnDxbu9lgK3m_3mdjX-TE3yPDXaSJgLfQvDhB8PdRdV7bpNuseAZ6-Ngp_LRoTowMbjGeoWcKl7v/s320/img028.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwzcDrFqqMtlnwjzdOmNTbLLw4IZ1EiphMBeIn6HoEvw4ZQr1RkMaF0JcHqqRKHyStDnDxbu9lgK3m_3mdjX-TE3yPDXaSJgLfQvDhB8PdRdV7bpNuseAZ6-Ngp_LRoTowMbjGeoWcKl7v/s1600-h/img028.jpg" border="0"></a>Mertu Hairstyle of the Oromo People</p></div><p><br /><br /></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><br /></p><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhm_LBtphLb1xbjNQPveRzx71oNcBE0QlwI80ZQuzJmMYIm0GgEsRXDHm1dgAH1R9Pqt-j27U-JrtlwdiblHXhoWiZKh9JAxG3zs1MT9ArlPP5ptkjcQE_SXDU2zLbUemf4ZxqPuw1Spbj/s1600-h/img027.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5242304272458300626" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhm_LBtphLb1xbjNQPveRzx71oNcBE0QlwI80ZQuzJmMYIm0GgEsRXDHm1dgAH1R9Pqt-j27U-JrtlwdiblHXhoWiZKh9JAxG3zs1MT9ArlPP5ptkjcQE_SXDU2zLbUemf4ZxqPuw1Spbj/s320/img027.jpg" border="0" /></a> Afar People Sheruba Hairstyle</div><p><br /><br /></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><br /></p><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt5j3__WFQZ_y6re5AQK7S3w6hycWG8kTLSQPwBMCeVF3bNUuP7tcesd0Xmbutv2PSfuCuIflnAd0l1USJQaqRJzmHBA5tHa3QLooqqzGOGFsVAihh18WKLAHoU-2x3M_Uy-ieNKxuHczW/s1600-h/img029.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5242304278043963362" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt5j3__WFQZ_y6re5AQK7S3w6hycWG8kTLSQPwBMCeVF3bNUuP7tcesd0Xmbutv2PSfuCuIflnAd0l1USJQaqRJzmHBA5tHa3QLooqqzGOGFsVAihh18WKLAHoU-2x3M_Uy-ieNKxuHczW/s320/img029.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><br />Afar Sheruba<br /></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><br /></div><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbcrF0sInphEac-jhQPXoWi3Hqgmdc8DoMYOMnmE2Q2eQuLEmwiERbx2UPgl1cmNqoN7IxNEb0K26cdI90OUzKuheAbMFdFrjP0iG9EEC1nNU7h1eClxzupyp0cYPFuZ7bQmtq3vTyfsBy/s1600-h/thiopian+hairstyle+Harar+Oromo.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5242303059044967394" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbcrF0sInphEac-jhQPXoWi3Hqgmdc8DoMYOMnmE2Q2eQuLEmwiERbx2UPgl1cmNqoN7IxNEb0K26cdI90OUzKuheAbMFdFrjP0iG9EEC1nNU7h1eClxzupyp0cYPFuZ7bQmtq3vTyfsBy/s320/thiopian+hairstyle+Harar+Oromo.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div align="center"><br /><br /></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><br /></div><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwFVRyzvoJ_EDXrYa5veY_q1Dg5GzwLsFRGUR_RW-aA0s4wUVInFb_c1XGYY5VXcQz7opWgfdsVq58XUyZIeS_VCmjbPxlSFye3uBoXvVUQx27SnO86IPDSZCYhN2isVnyjmRuuPL5tL8O/s1600-h/img016.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5242303067408353650" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwFVRyzvoJ_EDXrYa5veY_q1Dg5GzwLsFRGUR_RW-aA0s4wUVInFb_c1XGYY5VXcQz7opWgfdsVq58XUyZIeS_VCmjbPxlSFye3uBoXvVUQx27SnO86IPDSZCYhN2isVnyjmRuuPL5tL8O/s320/img016.jpg" border="0" /></a></p><div align="center">Tshefrer (Afro Goferay with a twist) and dreadlock combination<br /></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><br /><br /><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%3Ca%20href="><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5242303071567393362" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi73XJrcP56YHh-OIDzRuLAxUSOLLwnBNdgOrUEW8OhH1g8gGb4VJZ_i3LJIhSzThgXC5ECGNbMHe7cUByxqH3fcZGNYcYvasp62A_xCqXtrTr-_d3wScfdTrlInnylXQZNI299HTSmcfK3/s320/Ethiopian+hairstyles+7.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div align="center"><br /></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8G1M6IISpPYkwwWtu57A6hVJsNf7xySzoud1cjEcUsG6SUcEEKknLXmF6EmV08GTvz2IZq8UD6Mpyfrjpz_VkNImsAT9Zd_9qo2SyHw8crgyorG4ccMV3fs2VL_WdgrWthVwB7taX6AVb/s1600-h/img025.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5242303077007778994" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8G1M6IISpPYkwwWtu57A6hVJsNf7xySzoud1cjEcUsG6SUcEEKknLXmF6EmV08GTvz2IZq8UD6Mpyfrjpz_VkNImsAT9Zd_9qo2SyHw8crgyorG4ccMV3fs2VL_WdgrWthVwB7taX6AVb/s320/img025.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center">Afro of Afar People<br /></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh60l1Dj-seEBaO5GgPsyJ9HRW-n_DOnAdVMa-V49hoCtJxjpzTjRLiOyJslakMkMuxGoVNCwjKeiCdJcoLUeqDyb0FdDQ2Pk96SpVlAVeCcuienGyZIe7J2uN_1YEEK3hV-MTDEAy7z3HS/s1600-h/img026.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5242303085246887954" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh60l1Dj-seEBaO5GgPsyJ9HRW-n_DOnAdVMa-V49hoCtJxjpzTjRLiOyJslakMkMuxGoVNCwjKeiCdJcoLUeqDyb0FdDQ2Pk96SpVlAVeCcuienGyZIe7J2uN_1YEEK3hV-MTDEAy7z3HS/s320/img026.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div align="center"><br /></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center">Sheruba of unmarried Afar<br /></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><br /></div><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrjK-w41K68z0kWnahNwS8C6uPDmPMdfc43d8P-3UBJmaMwvHOFUim61QOcxKQKSdz64TopTP5eGbi_PgAwJYxCm_KLpIrakTFuTj4QhsxvWebCY00ayGxIpInUgDlJqBNmX9vMAcBCzI8/s1600-h/Ethiopian+hairstyles.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5225612080613720914" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrjK-w41K68z0kWnahNwS8C6uPDmPMdfc43d8P-3UBJmaMwvHOFUim61QOcxKQKSdz64TopTP5eGbi_PgAwJYxCm_KLpIrakTFuTj4QhsxvWebCY00ayGxIpInUgDlJqBNmX9vMAcBCzI8/s320/Ethiopian+hairstyles.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><br /><br />Many types of hair styles exists in Ethiopia. Basically, braids (sheruba in Amharic), Afros (Goferay in Amharic) and dreadlocks of monks and pilgrims are common. In major towns however, the wonderful styles are not seen as common as in the rural areas. Most Ethiopians may proudly hang up photos of traditional hair styles in their homes but usually avoid wearing it themselves probably because they may be depicted as backwards. Many years ago The Ethiopian Post Office printed a set of stamps that depicted various tribes wearing unique and stylistic hair styles from the provinces of Arussi, Bale, Begemedir (Gonder), Eritrea, Shoa and Kaffa (double click for larger image). Some of these hair styles were actually used by the ancient Egyptians and Pharoahs and people of the Nile Basins. In fact there are many traditions and cultures used in Ethiopia that are presently absent in other parts of the Nile valley such as Head Rests, Cistrums, Ear wax cleaners and reed Rain Coats are still used in Ethiopia. Interestingly, the Ice Man found in the Alps of Italy used a similar Reed Rain Coat though he used it as a sleeping mat as do the Ethiopians! The hair styles shown here are from the stamps printed many years ago by the Ethiopian Post Office<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQosQo55nh0wQdivkkl-09UmeVh-s8zEMPSbjC-GPjq3688THN69qXUNV5tjCmBicjZdvR9L8zi3YuOlNskPmdRZ4uMPks2w0Pb7J1Ekhj6n0QHjw2aj0sy6319ryzcDniZnpNDUqGYk3B/s1600-h/Ethiopian+hairstyles+3.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5226734887079246034" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQosQo55nh0wQdivkkl-09UmeVh-s8zEMPSbjC-GPjq3688THN69qXUNV5tjCmBicjZdvR9L8zi3YuOlNskPmdRZ4uMPks2w0Pb7J1Ekhj6n0QHjw2aj0sy6319ryzcDniZnpNDUqGYk3B/s320/Ethiopian+hairstyles+3.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Men usually have a hair style in the Afro fashion. However, they are known to also braid their hair. A well known examples of braids in men is that of Emperor Tewodros and Yohannes. This style is common among the Amhara of Ethiopia depicted on the left.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-1w_9WK2S36Adnd6TzYcOg8EjX3ZyDtiWeeLXlg2ljjsIgWKWIPoLG-gNQz1efhefrwWpn438s_cRWmUhvOWjTeTjz8AUI4ul9gTPytahl6Jsxzl-bsrxP1SPNvpEBr1qSfd8YJCEPDo-/s1600-h/Ethiopian+hairstyles+4.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5226734893131352386" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-1w_9WK2S36Adnd6TzYcOg8EjX3ZyDtiWeeLXlg2ljjsIgWKWIPoLG-gNQz1efhefrwWpn438s_cRWmUhvOWjTeTjz8AUI4ul9gTPytahl6Jsxzl-bsrxP1SPNvpEBr1qSfd8YJCEPDo-/s320/Ethiopian+hairstyles+4.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br />Hair styles also exists for the young. Mischievous toddlers receive a Mohawk type of hair cut. The Amharic name for this style is "Kuntcho". The traditional story behind this style is that the angels will pull the kids out of trouble by holding onto the tuft of hair of the kids. An example is the kid on the left. Young girls receive a hair cut that includes a shaved top surrounded by a halo of an Afro style. The girl on the left probably has this type of hair style but whether the top is shaved is not visible<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ8k9wY6mfF93P0yCBZiN_yekjjUeESCBihQ3O-zXAfW_DfvsQMlDjGVdQLdb7OFdYeOji6cSfD7gXgrYiL35WbcDbGw4vcUpuJtKFCWIfiAmqru-pa4czdCvzmDW1rcAsAmgfLu0C8Tg1/s1600-h/Ethiopian+hairstyles+2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5226734887634161234" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ8k9wY6mfF93P0yCBZiN_yekjjUeESCBihQ3O-zXAfW_DfvsQMlDjGVdQLdb7OFdYeOji6cSfD7gXgrYiL35WbcDbGw4vcUpuJtKFCWIfiAmqru-pa4czdCvzmDW1rcAsAmgfLu0C8Tg1/s320/Ethiopian+hairstyles+2.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Traditional hair style of Emperess Taitu, wife of Emperor Menilik.<br /><br />This Subject is constantly being Updated...please be patient! Feedbacks appreciated!<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#cc0000;">Hairstyles of Ethiopia</span></strong><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"></span><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;color:#cc0000;">Hairstyles for Children</span></strong><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span></strong><span style="color:#cc0000;"><br /><br />Quntcho</span>: This hairstyle is used mostly in toddlers and the very young. It consists of a tuft of hair on top of a shaved head. In Ethiopian tradition, the angels save the child from mischief and trouble by holding them by the tuft of the Quntcho hair. This Quntcho style however is disappearing in large towns but it is still common in rural Ethiopia where it is a sign of tradition and not backwardness.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Zerantch</span>: The hair of the Quntcho that grows on the head of a child is called Zerantch.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Qaray</span>: A narrow strip of hair is allowed to grow from the mid-forehead to the back of the neck. The rest of the head is shaved. This style of hair is known as a Mohawk in the United States of America. However, within Ethiopia, it has been practiced as a tradition for many centuries in young boys. A well known Hollywood actor with a famous Qaray is the African American actor known as Mr. T. However, Mr. T also has an extra pair sticking out of his temples! It should be emphasized that Qaray is a hairstyle for children not for the sexually mature and married individual. In the United States, the Mohawk in African Americans is sometimes called Black Mohawk or Fro Hawk. Fro stands for Afro. This style is used in both sexes.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Sheruba</span>: Sheruba is braid whether it is braided as a cornrow or as a free-hanging braid.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Sadula</span>: Teenager maidens shave their hair on the top of the head and leave the outlying fringes unshaven. The shaven hair is allowed to grow only after the women have matured and married. The first growth of this shaven hair after marriage is called Endermamit or Fesesay The hair that has not been shaved, that is, the outlying fringe, is either braided or combed into an Afro. The Sadula is practiced mostly by the Amharas and Tigreans and some other tribes of Ethiopia.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Gamay</span>: The Gamay is similar to a Sadula hairstyle used by girls.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Zur Gamay</span>: This hairstyle is another name for Gamay Sheruba worn by young unmarried girls. It is also similar to the hairstyle known as Sadula.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Gamay Sheruba</span>: This hairstyle is a Sadula hairstyle using braids. Unmarried girls shave the top part of the head and braid the remaining hair surrounding the bald spot.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Endermamit</span>: When a young virgin girl with a Sadula hairstyle has married, the one year growth of new hair from the previously shaved area is called Endermamit. It is customary to comb this new growth with great respect.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Fesesay</span>: This term is identical with Endermamit. When a young virgin girl with a Sadula hairstyle has married, the one year growth of hair that she combs and takes care of is called Fesesay.<br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;color:#cc0000;">Hairstyles for Women</span></strong><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span></strong><span style="color:#cc0000;">Sheruba</span>: <br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Sheruba</span>: Hair that is braided into a cornrow or as a free-hanging braid.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Gadeiray</span>: This is a type of braided hairstyle by Amhara people.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Gofeiray</span>: Any type of hairstyle that involves the excessive growth of woolly hair. In the West it is known as an Afro. This hairstyle is also used by women.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Gufta</span>: Gufta is a hairstyle commonly practiced by the Oromo and Gurage people in Ethiopia. Basically, the hair is combed into a fluffy Goferay (Afro). It is then neatly covered with a shash and tied at the rear.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Eshem</span>: This hairstyle is a thick large braid worn by women mostly but also by men in the older days. It is actually a large corn row beginning from the forehead and ending at the back of the neck. Tradition does not dictate as to the number of corn-row braids but Eshem is convenient for those who cannot stand the long hours of fine cornrow braiding. Gungun is another type of Eshem.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Eshem Dereb</span>: This name implies a Double Eshem. This is a type of Eshem that involves the creation of one large Eshem over the top of another.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Gungun</span>: This is a type of Eshem braid. It is a hurriedly prepared hairstyle to suit those who do not have time for an elaborate time-consuming cornrow braidng of the hair.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Mertu</span>: This hairstyle is traditional amongst the Ethiopian Oromo people. The hair is braided in a rope-like fashion (twisted around) and ends in a tuft of hair. This is not done in the fashion of a cornrow. In most cases the hair and scalp is conditioned with ghee (an organic conditioner commonly practiced by Ethiopians) giving the hairstyle a glossy appearance. Mertu is also practiced by other ethnic groups such as the Gurage where it is also weaved like a rope. The hair is allowed to hang down freely.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Sadula</span>: Teenagers, virgins and unmarried maidens shave off the hair on top of the head and leave the outlying fringes unshaven. The hair is allowed to grow only after the women have married. The hair that has not been shaved, that is, the outlying fringe, is either braided or combed into an Afro. The Sadula is practiced mostly by the Amharas and Tigreans of Ethiopia.<br />Endermamit: When a young virgin girl with a Sadula hairstyle has married, the one year growth of new hair from the previously shaved area is called Endermamit. It is customary to comb this new growth with great respect.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Fesesay</span>: This term is identical with Endermamit. When a young virgin girl with a Sadula hairstyle has married, the one year growth of hair that she combs and takes care of is called Fesesay.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Hamar Bumi and Karo</span> <span style="color:#cc0000;">(</span><span style="color:#cc0000;">Southwestern Ethiopians) Women Hairstyle</span>: Hamar Bumi and Karo Ethiopian women who are unmarried have their hair rubbed with fat into small balls then cover them with ochre. These women change their hairstyle after marriage by changing the balls into long twisted strands rubbed in ochre. A fancy decorative ornament usually is included in the hairdo.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Afar Women Hairstyle</span>: Afar (Danakil, Dankali) women that are unmarried wear their hair as hanging ringlets. After marriage, these women cover their hair with Shash or mushal.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Gerdaba Shash</span>: A type of shash that covers the hair and used mostly by by Oromo women. The hair is usually combed as an Afro first then covered with the shash (Shash in Amharic).<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Qelbay Shash</span>: This is similar to the Gerdaba Shash but is a term in Amharic.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Kebs</span>: this is a head and hair cover used by women and priests<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Gutena</span>: A type of Goferay, an Afro hairstyle.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;color:#cc0000;"><strong>Hairstyles for Men</strong></span><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;"></span></strong><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Goferay</span>: Any type of hairstyle that involves the excessive growth of woolly hair. In the West it is known as an Afro. This hairstyle is also used by women.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Hamar Bumi and Karo Hairstyle (Southwestern Ethiopians):</span> Hamar Bumi and Karo men wear clay hair buns representing killing of an enemy or a dangerous animal. The hairdo lasts up to one year. Above the forehead, a small holder is made to hold ostrich feathers. Hamar men also braid their hair into cornrow.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Afar Hairstyle</span>: Afar (Danakil, Dankali) men frizzle their hair into a fuzzy mop (so-called Fuzzy Wuzzy of the British). When ringlets are desired, ghee is used to soften the hair into the desired fashion.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Tchefrer (Fuzzy Wuzzy):</span> The Tchefrer (or Fuzzy Wuzzy is a term created by the British and is only mentioned here as a historical note) is well known by patriots, Monks and Spiritualists (Qalitcha). The Ethiopians in the borderlands near the Red Sea were well known to be described as the Fuzzy Wuzzy people. The Beni Amir, Besharin, Amrar, Bilen, Afar, Saho, Hadendowa as well as others exhibit an unusual exaggerated Afro. Some of these tribes still wear this hairstyle. The Fuzzy Wuzzies gave these people a fierce appearance to their enemies. It should be mentioned here that these people were not conquered since the Roman times. When the British first encountered them, they aptly called them Fuzzy Wuzzies not knowing their culture language or origin. Previous to that the Romans and Greeks considered them as apes who resided in the ground and classified them as Troglodytes. The nearest Ethiopian word for Fuzzy Wuzzy is Tchefrer which means unkept frizzled hair worn by Patriots, Monks and Spiritualists.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Nazrawi</span>: This is a Christian monk who wears his hair in a Goferey (Afro style combined with dreadlock) and wraps a long chain several times around his shoulders and waist. This monk or pilgrim also carries a long metal rod that is topped with the crucifix (cross). Nazrawi in itself is not a hairstyle but is mentioned here as an information about Nazrawi monk hairstyle.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Keloita</span>; this is a skullcap worn by men of the Islamic faith.<br /><br /><span style="color:#cc0000;">Buqedaday</span>; Elephants in Ethiopia were plentiful in the past centuries. An elephant killer (Zehon Gedaye) proudly showed their status by wearing the Buqedaday shash (head band) as a sign of valor. The narrow sash, usually green yellow and red (The Ethiopian National Symbol) over a white background, covers part of the forehead and was tied at the back of the head near the nape. An extra piece of the sash usually dangled down the back from the knot.Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-78547185746104512742008-03-04T18:27:00.000-05:002008-07-21T19:10:36.505-04:00Comment of Obama's East African Robe<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmGQFMO8cE40qxVYFLZ2Y_MjfFvoeO407rChbawc6pfYGPC5KETh2Zr56m6Th-eZp6-pCninPwbAUXteLIovOmmYU-q0aas-TR0Q0eGkdr2yD6efs9292rS7eERTlYU0-B412ywG0JlH3S/s1600-h/Afar2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5174040964354119474" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmGQFMO8cE40qxVYFLZ2Y_MjfFvoeO407rChbawc6pfYGPC5KETh2Zr56m6Th-eZp6-pCninPwbAUXteLIovOmmYU-q0aas-TR0Q0eGkdr2yD6efs9292rS7eERTlYU0-B412ywG0JlH3S/s320/Afar2.jpg" border="0" /></a>Recently Senator Barack Obama was shown wearing an East African or Somali robe. The West has completely misrepresented this African culture of East Africa. It has nothing to do or with the Muslim or Islam clothing. In fact Muslim clothing is more directed to woman. The male population in the Muslim countries or African countries can be wearing anything from the typical Western business suit to a loin cloths of some tropical country.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM3aW1RtV0HosSsQOZetnunzlwk7OICMfIpZ2Fsyba3bYkIhu6AduqOTx3UDBUXtlun5HwFQ45itm1nA1JPKTIhf1C69Phub9R_ywtP_JXWyzCRQJ_BJk9cxtkRCLo0g2sFIZYD7gYSZk2/s1600-h/Ethiopians+in+Tessenei+Hartlmaier+1956.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5191816766356940770" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM3aW1RtV0HosSsQOZetnunzlwk7OICMfIpZ2Fsyba3bYkIhu6AduqOTx3UDBUXtlun5HwFQ45itm1nA1JPKTIhf1C69Phub9R_ywtP_JXWyzCRQJ_BJk9cxtkRCLo0g2sFIZYD7gYSZk2/s320/Ethiopians+in+Tessenei+Hartlmaier+1956.jpg" border="0" /></a>Bishari or Beni Amer Ethiopians in the province of Eritrea. The design has nothing to do with religion or Islam. (Golden Lion An Expedition to Abyssinia, by Hartlmaier)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKvRGf15-lXE-zNFwp5u5V4gbYQC_H78dfOpTI04E4jZZxuGo08PS4GmQ2kv6evzJXCAUzE3y_BDl7YfP-9gT5HCd6pBECXYpmsFu0v7nKGfP_OWVu-QC2PKgTs1Zw_tbndeEc6e2xwNrL/s1600-h/Afar+3+Ethio+and+Erit.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5174046973013366610" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKvRGf15-lXE-zNFwp5u5V4gbYQC_H78dfOpTI04E4jZZxuGo08PS4GmQ2kv6evzJXCAUzE3y_BDl7YfP-9gT5HCd6pBECXYpmsFu0v7nKGfP_OWVu-QC2PKgTs1Zw_tbndeEc6e2xwNrL/s320/Afar+3+Ethio+and+Erit.jpg" border="0" /></a>An Afar from Ethiopia wearing the fashion that Obama was wearing in Kenya.(Courtesy:A Cure for Serpents)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigdXEKK-8_yoOd_4Y4KvEL6Y0WDtQfn96xKN0VlVXKAkDZdeoU3jsAZqMRXBzxG6FP0IlT0lZ9BgSVT-QDVQvQ1-MYHsPx2nhQsS2dNK_0O0CLkgq6f4_b_Rz5xGQKzR81sIgtGyM6NQ7Y/s1600-h/Afars+1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5174040277159352098" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigdXEKK-8_yoOd_4Y4KvEL6Y0WDtQfn96xKN0VlVXKAkDZdeoU3jsAZqMRXBzxG6FP0IlT0lZ9BgSVT-QDVQvQ1-MYHsPx2nhQsS2dNK_0O0CLkgq6f4_b_Rz5xGQKzR81sIgtGyM6NQ7Y/s320/Afars+1.jpg" border="0" /></a>Ethiopia Afar Tribemen wearing the Shemma. The heat of the lowlands compels them to wear the robe in such fashion but in the Highlands of Ethiopia, the fashion used is different. Due to the cool climate, it is wrapped around the shoulders by Christians, Muslims and Animists men and women.(Ethiopian Tourist Organization)<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIRkz9GqD4hnPxLVM6iVyngggaXggf4sWuSru_tJWymoJfE5n6hq2EODCj6evQq5OoGCK6l4dsGmStjQZl9UP1S8JWQrcaZtxCg_nz5zcVmIV7NHwC1mHZB3JuyQPY9uQ2mFBRYvWaZAGX/s1600-h/Afar+Zaghawa+Sudan.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5174064333271177058" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIRkz9GqD4hnPxLVM6iVyngggaXggf4sWuSru_tJWymoJfE5n6hq2EODCj6evQq5OoGCK6l4dsGmStjQZl9UP1S8JWQrcaZtxCg_nz5zcVmIV7NHwC1mHZB3JuyQPY9uQ2mFBRYvWaZAGX/s320/Afar+Zaghawa+Sudan.jpg" border="0" /></a>The African fashion in the Sudan where Islamic Arab culture is eroding the African Zaghawa culture. The lone person on the right is wearing the Traditional African garb (from:The Life of my Choice)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeY7gBKeebBoPyS62IaXZSHiycKFARIV1NbFrkoZMY8lcisRCgIc45URAwz_iiZdkhODWLtnQTjMntO18ShL36ntYWJiumjgAEocVkc-ROG-3AC8sK2LlCjaTI_uMsohdk9V-LFMtEjBjB/s1600-h/Afar+Beja.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5174046960128464706" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeY7gBKeebBoPyS62IaXZSHiycKFARIV1NbFrkoZMY8lcisRCgIc45URAwz_iiZdkhODWLtnQTjMntO18ShL36ntYWJiumjgAEocVkc-ROG-3AC8sK2LlCjaTI_uMsohdk9V-LFMtEjBjB/s320/Afar+Beja.jpg" border="0" /></a>A Beja Tribe that inhabits from Ethiopia to Egypt. (Courtesy:The History of the Beja)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />The so-called Somali clothing that Obama is featured is also practiced by a number of tribes in the horn of Africa. The Afars, also known as Danakils or Adals wear a similar clothing whether they are Muslims or animists or Christians. In addition to the Somal, the Saho and Tigre people also wear a similar fashion. In Ethiopia, the material used is usually made from local fabric called Netela or Shemma. A number of other tribes also wear this style across Ethiopia and even up to Egypt. It is not surprising that the Ancient Egyptians also wore such type of fashion.<br />Another misinterpretation by the uninformed is the name Barack as a Muslim word. In fact it has nothing to do with adherence to a certain faith. In Arabic it means Blessing. In Swahili it also means Blessing and is derived from Arabic language (Arabic is not a religion but a language). Within Ethiopia the equivalent of Barack is Bereket in Amharic or Berekhet in Tigre and Tigrigna. The word also is used by many of the other tribes in Ethiopia. The meaning is still Blessing.Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-43406716498218726282008-02-25T13:02:00.000-05:002008-02-28T11:18:48.359-05:00American Meskel Flower (Yadey Abeba)In the month of September in Highland Ethiopia, after the Monsoon rains, rural areas of the country blooms with the yellow daisy known as Yadey Abeba and Meskel Abeba in Amharic. Simultaneosly in The Eastern part of the United States, when summer month comes to an end, the countryside also turns yellow with a similar wild flower identified as Tickseed Sunflower (scientific name Bidens aristosa or Bidens polylepis of the Asteraceae, Aster family). The flowers, seeds and plant leaf and growth pattern of both Ethiopian and American plants are identical. The question here is: Was it possible that the flower was initially introduced from Ethiopia by a botanist at the turn of the century? Below are some photographs of the flowers taken in Catharpin, Virginia about 30 miles south of Washington DC. The flower also has the distinctive smell of Yadey Abeba, the long resistent seeds and the carpet growth characteristics in the open fields. In Ethiopia the flowers are used in the festival known as Enkutatash and Meskel but the same flower is considered as weed in the Eastern United States, especially Virginia and North Carolina. (Photos by B.W.Gabriel September 2007 Virgina USA)<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyr1osId47noAMUN0pusNdudvIjhMT5jOQ2Mbli-899qCB_4ZdZXflTC_18gSqSIbsgwDHtOWiIqvkJdwgZKmCCatvA56EC17PBPHsq5G2KFVl5AKmgc8alTN-Sykhp5KTDaJ3qvtFf9FY/s1600-h/02-25-2008+02%3B07%3B35PM.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5170997425531417794" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyr1osId47noAMUN0pusNdudvIjhMT5jOQ2Mbli-899qCB_4ZdZXflTC_18gSqSIbsgwDHtOWiIqvkJdwgZKmCCatvA56EC17PBPHsq5G2KFVl5AKmgc8alTN-Sykhp5KTDaJ3qvtFf9FY/s320/02-25-2008+02%3B07%3B35PM.jpg" border="0" /></a>Clusters of the American Yadey Abeba known locally as Tickseed Sunflower on Sudley Road (Route 234) near Catharpin, Virginia.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtBAXgXvc_Uxe-cjFQlUbZT58YZwuwiIbfqfAFFba_TNlFDN7u8HwE6H2lKuLVJN6KrMIfZX907KwdXAYbU2fOGjl_P1uJCmrre6E8zZQt9wZTdrW6uDlzOBXxwEg5m9PNvhha90kTLRGD/s1600-h/02-25-2008+12%3B28%3B20PM.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5170984433255347346" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtBAXgXvc_Uxe-cjFQlUbZT58YZwuwiIbfqfAFFba_TNlFDN7u8HwE6H2lKuLVJN6KrMIfZX907KwdXAYbU2fOGjl_P1uJCmrre6E8zZQt9wZTdrW6uDlzOBXxwEg5m9PNvhha90kTLRGD/s320/02-25-2008+12%3B28%3B20PM.jpg" border="0" /></a>A closeup of the Meskel flower in full bloom and a bud that is ready to bloom.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp2Nj7-7opsGJfPP7WgFHjhCFRtSr7cEWs5-cab4wIklLjIhitfQPNTwnuK-N9Rj36ufu-lC8oOemFqk7IauBbpBnDIf-DXyOCunz4sVgcQqQIBr8MkTV5QlCSVRlBoOwWrOEK4fdUJDtM/s1600-h/02-25-2008+12%3B31%3B14PM.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5170984836982273202" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp2Nj7-7opsGJfPP7WgFHjhCFRtSr7cEWs5-cab4wIklLjIhitfQPNTwnuK-N9Rj36ufu-lC8oOemFqk7IauBbpBnDIf-DXyOCunz4sVgcQqQIBr8MkTV5QlCSVRlBoOwWrOEK4fdUJDtM/s320/02-25-2008+12%3B31%3B14PM.jpg" border="0" /></a>The characteristic yellow color of the American Meskel flower is identical to the Yadey Abeba of Ethiopia.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghvLtP1u_tQThVuwK22h6iMgBTCckXXPzsACeOV5BSDY-7_pHxYIZSnAapfhO9RO4KWYi7hiphKgiz-yevC1siMCl4QKjtE39NiIWwESUDpjhBHhibeQTXlMoksuJm8swX2lHqeA77BIRl/s1600-h/02-25-2008+12%3B23%3B05PM.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5170984403190576226" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghvLtP1u_tQThVuwK22h6iMgBTCckXXPzsACeOV5BSDY-7_pHxYIZSnAapfhO9RO4KWYi7hiphKgiz-yevC1siMCl4QKjtE39NiIWwESUDpjhBHhibeQTXlMoksuJm8swX2lHqeA77BIRl/s320/02-25-2008+12%3B23%3B05PM.jpg" border="0" /></a>Fields are a welcome site for the daisies to flourish year after year. The seeds are very resilient resulting in condensed growth of the flowers.<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5-OBXB0D9TcaFW9-3wyP7Q67bU9FwYLZT-TJMmq6mUggTtXTm2eLUmDSY_D6crcBlqeCc2e-oNb_BdJ4gALgC9U9oNdeEEWBsBNxos-UEq90JyhAu6wLD5itJVPXn82_dOhajGL7TT0Tq/s1600-h/02-25-2008+12%3B25%3B15PM.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5170984416075478130" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5-OBXB0D9TcaFW9-3wyP7Q67bU9FwYLZT-TJMmq6mUggTtXTm2eLUmDSY_D6crcBlqeCc2e-oNb_BdJ4gALgC9U9oNdeEEWBsBNxos-UEq90JyhAu6wLD5itJVPXn82_dOhajGL7TT0Tq/s320/02-25-2008+12%3B25%3B15PM.jpg" border="0" /></a>Tickseed Sunflower of America and the Yadey Abeba of Ethiopia are identical yellow daisies that stop growing due to dry season.<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCN7YGvNFv4uOiyOZvvVVQZlVulXOhPPHC5gj6saGX0Vj4cZebn_i5NFUz8Q9LzJ5JFNDCqb2OLX1IfhN-u3v2bO9qH4NFgSNIm00mDQLfRJA5sIT-Wz9ZWI9oa7VBWW_oqd5jk4PdzGwA/s1600-h/02-25-2008+12%3B27%3B00PM.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5170984424665412738" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCN7YGvNFv4uOiyOZvvVVQZlVulXOhPPHC5gj6saGX0Vj4cZebn_i5NFUz8Q9LzJ5JFNDCqb2OLX1IfhN-u3v2bO9qH4NFgSNIm00mDQLfRJA5sIT-Wz9ZWI9oa7VBWW_oqd5jk4PdzGwA/s320/02-25-2008+12%3B27%3B00PM.jpg" border="0" /></a>The height and stem of the flowers from both countries are identical. Good fertile soil produces bigger flowers and taller plants. <br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwXycLEwcx3xoXxdp5Pv60WxFXRdlgNy7971jXAoqNvCf_JQyIR9G-FtU-uqX0_n5b859wr_JgjErxCib2RjWA3djK9zFEljnezp1zkSf1CIuPf1N6IgcBbkWWDnvzkiLS8_O7gC16FLxv/s1600-h/02-25-2008+12%3B30%3B04PM.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5170984441845281954" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwXycLEwcx3xoXxdp5Pv60WxFXRdlgNy7971jXAoqNvCf_JQyIR9G-FtU-uqX0_n5b859wr_JgjErxCib2RjWA3djK9zFEljnezp1zkSf1CIuPf1N6IgcBbkWWDnvzkiLS8_O7gC16FLxv/s320/02-25-2008+12%3B30%3B04PM.jpg" border="0" /></a>numerous types of butterflies bees and insects feed on the nectar of this bright flower.<br /><br /><br /><blockquote></blockquote>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-10899196246074392362007-12-11T17:36:00.000-05:002008-06-11T18:29:48.416-04:00Dedication to Emperor Haile Selassie I by Emperor Tewodros Ethiopian Library<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0HmdB4OHzn7tkBRabnZ8ZjqbNuKyG-frLZjpgl7ECKRxWTSnaWlQpxe-Z7yc_q52mzN-ZDB_pTKv3wZanyfa3tJB9IiTQEsRL_GgeutUtNEp5P2rAIK0iskIwDZya5DmGQM9xuqhq6no-/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+1960.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5146169894394975730" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0HmdB4OHzn7tkBRabnZ8ZjqbNuKyG-frLZjpgl7ECKRxWTSnaWlQpxe-Z7yc_q52mzN-ZDB_pTKv3wZanyfa3tJB9IiTQEsRL_GgeutUtNEp5P2rAIK0iskIwDZya5DmGQM9xuqhq6no-/s320/Haile+Selassie+1960.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000099;"><strong><em>His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie the First, Emperor of Ethiopia, King of Kings, Elect of God, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, 225th Consecutive Ruler of the Solomonic Dynasty.<br />Girmawi Kedamawi Haile Selassie, Neguse Negest Ze Etiyopiya, Tseyum Egziabher, Moa Anbessa Ze Imnegede Yehuda, 225gna Negassi Ze Solomonawi </em></strong><br /></span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3tK3XL68jy4tb5OVCItgVEdiadJKg3l9uAZHZWkd85SH1yu3Vr5LyJ31AbL5vxZjaoC4Ul-5qLXzh34CIS1d0lJ4eXZGdSqIcwFn8UOCGcAKCcpsFqGX-gD9FYuubyyInAOFtLKWDeOjE/s1600-h/Emperor+Haile+Selassie+Uniform+Riband+Bars.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148346609590392482" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3tK3XL68jy4tb5OVCItgVEdiadJKg3l9uAZHZWkd85SH1yu3Vr5LyJ31AbL5vxZjaoC4Ul-5qLXzh34CIS1d0lJ4eXZGdSqIcwFn8UOCGcAKCcpsFqGX-gD9FYuubyyInAOFtLKWDeOjE/s400/Emperor+Haile+Selassie+Uniform+Riband+Bars.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color:#000000;">Emperor Haile Selassie's Uniform Riband Bars 1974 and the Emperor in his later years (from Ethiopia Reaches Her Hand Unto God by Copley and forward by Prince Ermias Sahle Selassie 1988)</span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWyql8S7wh3wA0n4bMkltm4fA8k4D8Vt0krBAQX8H8axhBM8oOeY03-jcHnbqPpGi5loT7OgQalzcscA8c9niUNiXgpkqJ44QYfIg3q3Y6X3npe7u52X34nd0-5A5zC1zXyOSevi-smY9w/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+in+Japan.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5147551774352659970" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWyql8S7wh3wA0n4bMkltm4fA8k4D8Vt0krBAQX8H8axhBM8oOeY03-jcHnbqPpGi5loT7OgQalzcscA8c9niUNiXgpkqJ44QYfIg3q3Y6X3npe7u52X34nd0-5A5zC1zXyOSevi-smY9w/s320/Haile+Selassie+in+Japan.jpg" border="0" /></a><span style="color:#000000;"><br />Emperor Haile Selassie was a world wide traveler here seen with the Japanese in 1956. I would like to point out that the media usually prints his name as Selassie. This is a big error. The name Haile Selassie is one single name. Henceforth through out this section Haile Selassie will be printed the Ethiopian way, that is the correct name. Since this is a throne name too (or baptismal name) there is no last name or so-called ancestral name associated with Haile Selassie. Teferi is his given name and his father's name is Mekonnen, which is his father's given first name. It sounds complicated because in reality it is very simple. In Ethiopia only first names exist and only recently have people began to use the given names of their grandparents as an ancestral name<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjolXP6egW1tlQ_1qdeq1qd03NpsWXMjlGgVbtAxBmRGrNccH0PyVPFNfcvZByhl_XeqXlefp30d-ff6dICbhXdxUgB9NHvl8oSEo91IvYy17GW1YflCh7liNMBqMjHSmGOM277swwqdAxb/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+I+1955.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5146155970111002050" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjolXP6egW1tlQ_1qdeq1qd03NpsWXMjlGgVbtAxBmRGrNccH0PyVPFNfcvZByhl_XeqXlefp30d-ff6dICbhXdxUgB9NHvl8oSEo91IvYy17GW1YflCh7liNMBqMjHSmGOM277swwqdAxb/s200/Haile+Selassie+I+1955.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />The Emperor in 1955 by Sandford<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgalw1kTU4ziGRAaalDumk_AUKA58UhLKg8Uck6-YBC8Z9_5c69ePQIHeV9Bon5gaoD9c7SR0wktGUb33B-wUsQ-e8KC8klPj8KnxO5hHVGnFri1GgRguWh-hGX6LjT3gSGNRNrvalLoz5p/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+I+1930+Abesinien+I+Krig+by+Tillge-Rasmussen.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5142850001479499458" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgalw1kTU4ziGRAaalDumk_AUKA58UhLKg8Uck6-YBC8Z9_5c69ePQIHeV9Bon5gaoD9c7SR0wktGUb33B-wUsQ-e8KC8klPj8KnxO5hHVGnFri1GgRguWh-hGX6LjT3gSGNRNrvalLoz5p/s200/Haile+Selassie+I+1930+Abesinien+I+Krig+by+Tillge-Rasmussen.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />This photo was taken by the Swiss Sven Tillge-Rasmussen in 1930 in the book Abessinien I Krig. The author was from a group of Red Cross regiment provided by the Swiss during the invasion of Ethiopia by the Fascists in 1936.<br /><br /><br /></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA2k7ZLfPAuZg7Hqsm0ofXD7jbb10DnUxwd3U5Z9o45wbaFhqqv3WnM_rqZgPUW-hJ3DYEIO0hr3zgkumjEaCKNWu1jqmbcSSiYab3haz4MNevTZKDUxQ6MiA46PA9e7zvPkIB1q0Ag7eP/s1600-h/Ras+Teferi+1925b+Alexander+Powell.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5142858995141017298" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA2k7ZLfPAuZg7Hqsm0ofXD7jbb10DnUxwd3U5Z9o45wbaFhqqv3WnM_rqZgPUW-hJ3DYEIO0hr3zgkumjEaCKNWu1jqmbcSSiYab3haz4MNevTZKDUxQ6MiA46PA9e7zvPkIB1q0Ag7eP/s200/Ras+Teferi+1925+Alexander+Powell.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Ras Teferi in 1925 taken by Powell, a traveler throughout East Africa.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbcI0fRn6BwlZdJ5Vrz7btcTgIqkiD4zzEoHEqvbEPpJR0ibQqU_KlNv79lH0xizJuKTJ9qd9zf4ZhTYQ5h1UNdV4RmRLPMmnMiqcIrgOatn6B6S_DUwkgpvl-Jdjh4FY5okpAWoeP_vHh/s1600-h/Ras+Teferi+and+Throne+1925+Alexander+Powell.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5142866077542088418" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbcI0fRn6BwlZdJ5Vrz7btcTgIqkiD4zzEoHEqvbEPpJR0ibQqU_KlNv79lH0xizJuKTJ9qd9zf4ZhTYQ5h1UNdV4RmRLPMmnMiqcIrgOatn6B6S_DUwkgpvl-Jdjh4FY5okpAWoeP_vHh/s200/Ras+Teferi+and+Throne+1925+Alexander+Powell.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Ras Teferi in 1925 taken by Powell. The throne is now at the National Museum in Addis Abeba. Empress Zewditu authorized Ras Teferi as Prince regent and heir apparent to the throne of the Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwrcMjMgvt4tZ9pzwlZyt_6sGWvW46YFA5ysmkbaGQmxjFnXJvxF_2A-2LRVQ5vU7BuyrXIbUixmfc0ibMWpEMC2ss1uZz1AkvBsxI_YlNkgcQTFl3mNI6Xf_32ibNJpKugu7KEQHPqJM1/s1600-h/Ras+Teferi+1930b.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5143529937752129298" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwrcMjMgvt4tZ9pzwlZyt_6sGWvW46YFA5ysmkbaGQmxjFnXJvxF_2A-2LRVQ5vU7BuyrXIbUixmfc0ibMWpEMC2ss1uZz1AkvBsxI_YlNkgcQTFl3mNI6Xf_32ibNJpKugu7KEQHPqJM1/s200/Ras+Teferi+1930b.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Ras Teferi just before his coronation as Haile Selassie I Emperor (Atse) of Ethiopia. (Pankhurst frontipiece. Economic History of Ethiopia).<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDdnp2PS_2MkKUR9Po4UVxaoVwce35pj-TpqvjU_RR8nWruD1HivrKGEIVS992BdYq8cYe0FYqEqkJxk1OzyTOKc1AWIfBEVKAqQprHzEBGKURS3192ztXwHBD2ESIGkZzkfk-S2FVEXhK/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+by+Asfaha+Yilma+1935.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5143199122191122178" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDdnp2PS_2MkKUR9Po4UVxaoVwce35pj-TpqvjU_RR8nWruD1HivrKGEIVS992BdYq8cYe0FYqEqkJxk1OzyTOKc1AWIfBEVKAqQprHzEBGKURS3192ztXwHBD2ESIGkZzkfk-S2FVEXhK/s200/Haile+Selassie+by+Asfaha+Yilma+1935.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Emperor Haile Selassie before Fascist invasion in 1935 from a book by Princess Asfa Yilma. It is suggested by the author that this is his favorite portrait.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmiJ62jIBBq-oE3f1nB7Oxr3yFad2IeH5-snuMNSZWrnDiaQU53u2btyUUM9IcwDi_xt2e_zfRZrgpTSXRFj_dr7JkyjTHSXznDe77DDMGXk9g0mGcOW09uL3ioVZtcwKyqgjRwHm_FajI/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+I+1935+Coronation+Style.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5143532845444988706" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmiJ62jIBBq-oE3f1nB7Oxr3yFad2IeH5-snuMNSZWrnDiaQU53u2btyUUM9IcwDi_xt2e_zfRZrgpTSXRFj_dr7JkyjTHSXznDe77DDMGXk9g0mGcOW09uL3ioVZtcwKyqgjRwHm_FajI/s200/Haile+Selassie+I+1935+Coronation+Style.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Haile Selassie (1935) in coronation garb. Emperors had live lions and the tiger indicates foreign influence. Westerners visited Ethiopia during Fascist saber-rattling!(Ernest Work 1935)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLf_nCqpKhuxoMUZCWom3XjXyOSIJ47UKSyb4HruWwObgeac2aixs-HBsMdhgSsm3AtYGYdUvZJ_l1Imz_rgxsxN03cfeV2e_qa8cxyGfV7hW17oMHQeZXm8bu3fLJXoof5yiVmihw_kkh/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+and+Zewditu.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5143555097670549298" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLf_nCqpKhuxoMUZCWom3XjXyOSIJ47UKSyb4HruWwObgeac2aixs-HBsMdhgSsm3AtYGYdUvZJ_l1Imz_rgxsxN03cfeV2e_qa8cxyGfV7hW17oMHQeZXm8bu3fLJXoof5yiVmihw_kkh/s200/Haile+Selassie+and+Zewditu.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Regent Ras Teferi and Empress Zewditu on the Throne of Ethiopia (1930's) from Frank Hayter's Gold of Ethiopia,1936. Frank was a gold prospector eager to make money in Ethiopia and was known to hunt wildgame. The scepter (Sendek in Amharic) in Ras Teferi's hands appears to be of foreign design. Ethiopian Scepter is a simple staff.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCwk9StooziJ2sjGxjnhwHhyphenhyphenfSx6XxJ0RPCgOym4VkmW5LtR-C1aAYZCD8gzZrxzcs7hFCDLjAB40U6Do-k8NpLJ0rdlFsJduqcqoE4raQhPaS7fi2r4ndr5FEXfkD7pDZDX00hbaWlyfv/s1600-h/Ras+Teferi1927C.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5144260141481776322" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCwk9StooziJ2sjGxjnhwHhyphenhyphenfSx6XxJ0RPCgOym4VkmW5LtR-C1aAYZCD8gzZrxzcs7hFCDLjAB40U6Do-k8NpLJ0rdlFsJduqcqoE4raQhPaS7fi2r4ndr5FEXfkD7pDZDX00hbaWlyfv/s200/Ras+Teferi1927C.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />A portrait for the American people by Ras Teferi in 1927 (The Last of Free Africa, MacCreagh, 1928). It is apparent from the different portraits that Ras Teferi was careful not to duplicate his wardrobe for different visitors to the Empire.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ze1BM7RJd1PhB7XFN5rxBHdwOcOkBVLdXDLe4ySjBddttfA5wiDYCVvuTAYRRJVRTLb3q7-QId-RAeDVsjiC8DvkgzqOVICzxt-wYIWVSeVRcdtOIovlpBRyQ-tlMrVR7TMF9GOKVb_7/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+Reuters+Dunckley.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5144272498102686946" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ze1BM7RJd1PhB7XFN5rxBHdwOcOkBVLdXDLe4ySjBddttfA5wiDYCVvuTAYRRJVRTLb3q7-QId-RAeDVsjiC8DvkgzqOVICzxt-wYIWVSeVRcdtOIovlpBRyQ-tlMrVR7TMF9GOKVb_7/s200/Haile+Selassie+Reuters+Dunckley.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Emperor Haile Selassie around 1930. Reuters reprisentative Dunckley was in Addis to check out the country of Haile Selassie and Ethiopia before the Fascist invasion.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Qo38pSjFCcerEqxYJsa-Mvhh2d1IQEl2mpOCBanYrDSv1R435QfKbJw_gyKVfUYC9eObsrg6WbRH3Nb0HWbSNbBDPATjeW0x6t1QmDDRso1IhwyJaeVsNjBBvQftf1wwjSlF4b-7MtAy/s1600-h/Emperor+Haile+Selassie+Nov+1930+Baum.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5144275143802541298" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Qo38pSjFCcerEqxYJsa-Mvhh2d1IQEl2mpOCBanYrDSv1R435QfKbJw_gyKVfUYC9eObsrg6WbRH3Nb0HWbSNbBDPATjeW0x6t1QmDDRso1IhwyJaeVsNjBBvQftf1wwjSlF4b-7MtAy/s200/Emperor+Haile+Selassie+Nov+1930+Baum.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Emperor Haile Selassie as Ras Teferi about 1926. The period before the fascist invasion was visited by many journalists and travelors and so-called Explorers to see the (so they thought) the last of free Abyssinia. Regardless Haile Selassie took this opportunity to make friends. James Baum had previously titled the book Savage Abyssinia but in in his later edition titled it Unknown Ethiopia.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGj9sS21EV54m8nwXP5Ru_EaCgcgKs1A2iMc22sApLru-NQ57WaPf5L3qNvCwQgA6k4mdaROhqlR1fMyMefTzxwhDjEUPBPCf9btPiQhv1uXN2-lOcy_2PJiK8eudV4usse_qQ0ja4ddQ-/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+Family+1931+Rainbow+Empire.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5144282569800996098" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGj9sS21EV54m8nwXP5Ru_EaCgcgKs1A2iMc22sApLru-NQ57WaPf5L3qNvCwQgA6k4mdaROhqlR1fMyMefTzxwhDjEUPBPCf9btPiQhv1uXN2-lOcy_2PJiK8eudV4usse_qQ0ja4ddQ-/s200/Haile+Selassie+Family+1931+Rainbow+Empire.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />This photo by Bergsma from Rainbow Empire 1932. He was a surgeon at Teferi Mekonnen Hospital at the American Mission in Addis Abeba under the auspices of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9uez5haBaYfWbYZFRL901Ep-2fwMaQSxKU6m2Ltapj-WTjmJqkZ7vXd2D8iIxfqiGmrqfxPLYqlzGyPEg2Kb3CBCcbWxWl3IAw-3xCyXc17OEhBUZ4v7IVOtILf65S27bBkOBfifrSs7E/s1600-h/Emperor+Haile+Selassie+I+1958+For+God+and+Emperor.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5145379538808132898" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9uez5haBaYfWbYZFRL901Ep-2fwMaQSxKU6m2Ltapj-WTjmJqkZ7vXd2D8iIxfqiGmrqfxPLYqlzGyPEg2Kb3CBCcbWxWl3IAw-3xCyXc17OEhBUZ4v7IVOtILf65S27bBkOBfifrSs7E/s200/Emperor+Haile+Selassie+I+1958+For+God+and+Emperor.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Official portrait of Haile Selassie I from "For God and Country" by Della Hanson, an Adventist teacher and wife of an Adventist school developer at Akaki. She was asked by Haile Selassie to coordinate the Palace receptions and banquets as well as other assignments before during and after the Fascist barbarism.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEkut22y4kNBxLAjmiugO9RZzsM5mhKxJeJXytJLpyJUZf9HHCdQrUJQJXZVU6MEHOTc_hJvFUXXXbf6tf4_M3VSAiuz3a8kfNy2a21dkfhfp237s4vguc39-WBW1E9FDkpsIe5lOxzI3W/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+and+Della+Hanson.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5145385641956660530" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEkut22y4kNBxLAjmiugO9RZzsM5mhKxJeJXytJLpyJUZf9HHCdQrUJQJXZVU6MEHOTc_hJvFUXXXbf6tf4_M3VSAiuz3a8kfNy2a21dkfhfp237s4vguc39-WBW1E9FDkpsIe5lOxzI3W/s200/Haile+Selassie+and+Della+Hanson.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Della Hanson and JanHoy before 1958 during a trip. Mrs Hanson worked in the palace for years and witnessed the fascist entry into Addis Ababa and evacuation of JanHoy to England and Geneva. She was there when JanHoy also came back from exile on May 5th.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTg_wy3oHmKUBjcR9hvTVpm5sIZMAmycDYKDOxFqywc8B58HnUgQv-IDsNVNkA4XhvfDAhsbFBwQ6V_yH55qfbwg-JM_DKMLq1O5KDDoMPvJvhyphenhyphen-l85Y3tqp-JDfuca7ifmOnp4h7Rc54H/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+at+Zewditu+Hospital.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5145388390735729986" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTg_wy3oHmKUBjcR9hvTVpm5sIZMAmycDYKDOxFqywc8B58HnUgQv-IDsNVNkA4XhvfDAhsbFBwQ6V_yH55qfbwg-JM_DKMLq1O5KDDoMPvJvhyphenhyphen-l85Y3tqp-JDfuca7ifmOnp4h7Rc54H/s200/Haile+Selassie+at+Zewditu+Hospital.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Della Hanson snapped this when Haile Selassie was visiting the Adventist operated and owned Zewditu Metasebia Hospital which was adjacent to the Jubilee Palace (pre-1958).<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1wX87ARGgGT5by38fWe1FrQjzCINovCVvV3MTCWIGKy_5MDFjsdsu1VqbnW0Ha7pK8_6Mg3PivR1wJ16fCP8_WINft-kiLR0WEx1wfWXD4gsImrxFCXQvXtdUwZeg6KRZfBVJFYBkNjtR/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+kitchen+Palace.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5145395013575300434" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1wX87ARGgGT5by38fWe1FrQjzCINovCVvV3MTCWIGKy_5MDFjsdsu1VqbnW0Ha7pK8_6Mg3PivR1wJ16fCP8_WINft-kiLR0WEx1wfWXD4gsImrxFCXQvXtdUwZeg6KRZfBVJFYBkNjtR/s200/Haile+Selassie+kitchen+Palace.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Well trained Palace servants that Della Hanson directed on orders of Haile Selassie. She worked for 14 years directing every facet of events at the Jubilee Palace. The uniforms were colored green and red and yellow buttons.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSfI048I-dp9RA_r8iymHpBMpe53oFUdHM-XbWFyFRg77tf9wkLMIO2W2iF1ow-1oOo9G12UnddYh5l2_Nm_EHKmcU4eFNPlIUbfzXCVQNZBCe3NNeeL_ux919BaBY1bM3Pz-ihWt4b1jQ/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+in+Exile+1936.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5145438697687668066" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSfI048I-dp9RA_r8iymHpBMpe53oFUdHM-XbWFyFRg77tf9wkLMIO2W2iF1ow-1oOo9G12UnddYh5l2_Nm_EHKmcU4eFNPlIUbfzXCVQNZBCe3NNeeL_ux919BaBY1bM3Pz-ihWt4b1jQ/s200/Haile+Selassie+in+Exile+1936.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Lielt Tsehai,Asfa Wossen, Leul Mekonnen and Haile Selassie. Behind HS I is probably Hakim Martin Workineh as he was the rep in England.(1964 Mosley)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Y11obTOHpn5No2BubZghZW9KgC4tY8_HrsAJTy6iVySYyZAkydKT2DZOY_zSMPkahWc4v48HZ2PnRLiPi3f1Nln89fQulYkWBRy64_H8N41UgDL7SlA4X1sEhLcXOuavH7t7WedipFZR/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+and+Churchhill.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5145443705619535218" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Y11obTOHpn5No2BubZghZW9KgC4tY8_HrsAJTy6iVySYyZAkydKT2DZOY_zSMPkahWc4v48HZ2PnRLiPi3f1Nln89fQulYkWBRy64_H8N41UgDL7SlA4X1sEhLcXOuavH7t7WedipFZR/s200/Haile+Selassie+and+Churchhill.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />from Haile Selassie The Conquering Lion Mosley 1964<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7x_rPN8_L0eJRjifyr7MZEbQc5f7qVk2i3NypUK0CHJhU8xGtGjNAnG5h2zA0h5efrkvw2cTjaIS7aiXLVPGMAJQMOdNrkIxO6tIL5arnX5N6DwwiLBzodkSIn5ILhP6QyOYY2ycrmNET/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+and+Queen+Elizabeth.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5145447442241082754" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7x_rPN8_L0eJRjifyr7MZEbQc5f7qVk2i3NypUK0CHJhU8xGtGjNAnG5h2zA0h5efrkvw2cTjaIS7aiXLVPGMAJQMOdNrkIxO6tIL5arnX5N6DwwiLBzodkSIn5ILhP6QyOYY2ycrmNET/s200/Haile+Selassie+and+Queen+Elizabeth.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />from Haile Selassie The Conquering Lion Mosley 1964<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir2RrhyRUIBKT90iZeBWSVqGgyIQG-SoNSbmdmw8uqvLv6KNQLlrQRD3xD7bZBFCWvDIMli3Y35im-FaZE5hw9lApqRRVeNpa7IClxJj_2ZNYSXkiuE_B7jEs-oyyJnEiM9Av30RGMGyac/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+and+Jomo.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5145451569704654226" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir2RrhyRUIBKT90iZeBWSVqGgyIQG-SoNSbmdmw8uqvLv6KNQLlrQRD3xD7bZBFCWvDIMli3Y35im-FaZE5hw9lApqRRVeNpa7IClxJj_2ZNYSXkiuE_B7jEs-oyyJnEiM9Av30RGMGyac/s200/Haile+Selassie+and+Jomo.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />from Haile Selassie The Conquering Lion Mosley 1964<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUYR3UK2VYkSnZ4AtJVS7y7lv3e8BmjtfyrGWhRPnQCRkEuMLd6tXbZmJOdVjqBnBBizJWvhF34JWq2Z6NnkGIlejpXRVnxDyNecjY4a3hWtPVjKOEspFSQ2FnCZyagDnxzbJnGBgj1NfE/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+and+U+Thant.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5145454954138883490" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUYR3UK2VYkSnZ4AtJVS7y7lv3e8BmjtfyrGWhRPnQCRkEuMLd6tXbZmJOdVjqBnBBizJWvhF34JWq2Z6NnkGIlejpXRVnxDyNecjY4a3hWtPVjKOEspFSQ2FnCZyagDnxzbJnGBgj1NfE/s200/Haile+Selassie+and+U+Thant.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />from Haile Selassie The Conquering Lion Mosley 1964<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span><br /><p><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"></p></span></span><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGAjAMNbMtzDQMSdA88W3oBdo4lYZTvMulUqX8TAHBiunvaP7GSiolZoiAxBbmP-8cRV-FZujhRQAonEgqYhbldradfPXQikArXjPk5hQ8lk2FMrWqiy_TPEcIf97uwAXpMm8JaYmO-qFf/s1600-h/Teferi+Mekonnen+5+and+7+yrs+old.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5146160140524246482" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGAjAMNbMtzDQMSdA88W3oBdo4lYZTvMulUqX8TAHBiunvaP7GSiolZoiAxBbmP-8cRV-FZujhRQAonEgqYhbldradfPXQikArXjPk5hQ8lk2FMrWqiy_TPEcIf97uwAXpMm8JaYmO-qFf/s200/Teferi+Mekonnen+5+and+7+yrs+old.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Teferi Mekonnen at 5 and 7 years old with relatives Ras Imru and Teferi Belew<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcjDvliPYBJ2vC-GMeEzVZujRq5k3pkHoGILkHLxpktZMxMkJchWkgmy7Z_h9yfpo09okWRP1QO93lbC5Jji9hUU3Yc0MZ7BiRRYmuiTckk9vpsWgDutr8CxkxhBOT54VwpZ3sGANKR53-/s1600-h/Teferi+Mekonnen+11+years+old.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5145458317098276274" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcjDvliPYBJ2vC-GMeEzVZujRq5k3pkHoGILkHLxpktZMxMkJchWkgmy7Z_h9yfpo09okWRP1QO93lbC5Jji9hUU3Yc0MZ7BiRRYmuiTckk9vpsWgDutr8CxkxhBOT54VwpZ3sGANKR53-/s200/Teferi+Mekonnen+11+years+old.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Teferi Mekonnen 11 years old<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQpRKChOzejr1RrxqTlALHOoOsBQkJp5NT17i-cIaGtN7Ragyl5Py1hYhcZO7A3Txm6ltxzJmo2uZOoEzFXZp5qBEdHUBt-p_UrAK5p0E2yaEfXQu220ME-mzFW-XzUCajJ-BM1NJLlrPe/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+League+of+Nations.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5147586774041155090" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQpRKChOzejr1RrxqTlALHOoOsBQkJp5NT17i-cIaGtN7Ragyl5Py1hYhcZO7A3Txm6ltxzJmo2uZOoEzFXZp5qBEdHUBt-p_UrAK5p0E2yaEfXQu220ME-mzFW-XzUCajJ-BM1NJLlrPe/s320/Haile+Selassie+League+of+Nations.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Official portrait of Haile Selassie as Representative at The League of Nations (Indiana University)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieNHR4PjUJoM5NGrP39B1h2Rn7e8FiW3VA-9BpAzQShJlfzltny8nEctYFAcpZchCVtQzqmn1RUmOBamCnyW04uSTsvyEHEyBfI-WYmrFwkqNu5x6fvhlx-DWD8qL_RDBN9zK6MP7rddrs/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+Family+1955.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5147586786926056994" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieNHR4PjUJoM5NGrP39B1h2Rn7e8FiW3VA-9BpAzQShJlfzltny8nEctYFAcpZchCVtQzqmn1RUmOBamCnyW04uSTsvyEHEyBfI-WYmrFwkqNu5x6fvhlx-DWD8qL_RDBN9zK6MP7rddrs/s320/Haile+Selassie+Family+1955.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />The Royal Family. Leul Mekonnen, The Emperor, Crown Prince Asfa Wossen and Princesses (Sandford 1955. The Lion of Judah shall Prevail)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim_CVPLYhrNfBBjvK_nZZaOIwllFib_2RKbPZUEZpAAOPLZLdpKEnNBZukUDfnkCh8jUBZjcJ2sCSiKM5VjCvLoLN3rQ-PHvUlP4MxzeyVxsDz4-eHP5hxuDA7SYnpH_w2mHr9Vihf451d/s1600-h/Teferi+Iyasu+and+Biru.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148300052144903810" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim_CVPLYhrNfBBjvK_nZZaOIwllFib_2RKbPZUEZpAAOPLZLdpKEnNBZukUDfnkCh8jUBZjcJ2sCSiKM5VjCvLoLN3rQ-PHvUlP4MxzeyVxsDz4-eHP5hxuDA7SYnpH_w2mHr9Vihf451d/s200/Teferi+Iyasu+and+Biru.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Ras Teferi, Lij Iyasu and Ras Biru during their good times as feudal chiefs.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNTKWXd-RZ37Y5wtrDhfV5bi4q1j5JCGuh21Zh7qqLmBDRRbzdG46brmwd9TsVS1xpc-rJxt8gn-cML5NHSFjgZ5PfRJvf1i5ZCMxRYgPJwDb3ogKke0wHReQmJYm5H0mHlwbSS1ylBTYm/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+Family+and+Palace.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148298669165434418" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNTKWXd-RZ37Y5wtrDhfV5bi4q1j5JCGuh21Zh7qqLmBDRRbzdG46brmwd9TsVS1xpc-rJxt8gn-cML5NHSFjgZ5PfRJvf1i5ZCMxRYgPJwDb3ogKke0wHReQmJYm5H0mHlwbSS1ylBTYm/s200/Haile+Selassie+Family+and+Palace.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Mrs Sandford's picture of the royal family and palace ground pool about 1945<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3r_Bg9QMsR6ZUctQmFljES8PoBOcnLR9cvd_MPaX3QlvGZ3z2h1UuUAYm_9pQz5vzvYiwkIVyj_gGdmhkC76zy2U0P0uNX1Zn8HvctCs5Jn_pqe1DGX8_41HUN19CTrHox0BZCZ7Kd2XU/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+England.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148298682050336322" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3r_Bg9QMsR6ZUctQmFljES8PoBOcnLR9cvd_MPaX3QlvGZ3z2h1UuUAYm_9pQz5vzvYiwkIVyj_gGdmhkC76zy2U0P0uNX1Zn8HvctCs5Jn_pqe1DGX8_41HUN19CTrHox0BZCZ7Kd2XU/s200/Haile+Selassie+England.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Haile Selassie in exile in England<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span><br /><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpInD04xVINOBPj-1v724IMBt8gptTceOSni0139Uni6eMHz1k-xVUN6JAUlNmiexT0SGPli-GeeGEaeTnwDRt3YSKHsU30CN2lLvdT2A7W47mByedbjClpzIErAG3gUNzQ5-zFSv1GMn6/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+Troops+1946.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148298690640270930" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpInD04xVINOBPj-1v724IMBt8gptTceOSni0139Uni6eMHz1k-xVUN6JAUlNmiexT0SGPli-GeeGEaeTnwDRt3YSKHsU30CN2lLvdT2A7W47mByedbjClpzIErAG3gUNzQ5-zFSv1GMn6/s200/Haile+Selassie+Troops+1946.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Emperor Haile Selassie inspecting the troops in Addis Abeba about 1945. Sitted to his right is Prince Mekonnen who was always together on trips and official functions. It is said that Leul Mekonnen was the favorite son of the emperor.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZyIXF8f2W8D-IG2oK9EerGqd6IZXV8hUsUD91T0_t5wxDJQr7WnfuI6eGgfa7onxYEYwhHrgiaWAQvB24ZSuGvT1HlSvZtPY9aVmIjCfft7TKktXMZLB9BCN6urlmOYioNlPsb1erUd9E/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie%27s+BodyGuards+1946.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148298699230205538" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZyIXF8f2W8D-IG2oK9EerGqd6IZXV8hUsUD91T0_t5wxDJQr7WnfuI6eGgfa7onxYEYwhHrgiaWAQvB24ZSuGvT1HlSvZtPY9aVmIjCfft7TKktXMZLB9BCN6urlmOYioNlPsb1erUd9E/s200/Haile+Selassie%27s+BodyGuards+1946.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />The Palace Body Guards of the Jubilee Palace in 1945 called Kebur Zebegna in Amharic. They may be barefoot but they wore lion's mane on their heads! The body guards went through several changes, from traditional swordsmen to modern soldiers.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghILKS1SuXqEhtevCUKs9xOx6mnPr6CdxW3t9PhxCndRyE_R8-Dqtc9RwZjJhxr4Nr47T3e6D9IUa93RfqKI4Slozf1roYgzzykBovX9XQu6XMDCuPDqSCA-2hTwUdJ4QzezWG0xsU94SK/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie%27s+Trusted+Rases.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148298707820140146" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghILKS1SuXqEhtevCUKs9xOx6mnPr6CdxW3t9PhxCndRyE_R8-Dqtc9RwZjJhxr4Nr47T3e6D9IUa93RfqKI4Slozf1roYgzzykBovX9XQu6XMDCuPDqSCA-2hTwUdJ4QzezWG0xsU94SK/s200/Haile+Selassie%27s+Trusted+Rases.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Some of Emperor Haile Selassie's trusted Rases in 1945. Click on photo for identity of these Rases!<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepuO0TzCvh6m0lU0sIs9hoNA_Owfew8izemv8Mebguc0ECzcCQS50r_sa1evnaBxK9jOM0Ab0h_EAOOklYQ2-hsj3XRLpfJoULOJ9eUCXqVPciMt9onLQztvnac-wc-GgnFF4iA3TpXsP/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+Horseman.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148748966421649074" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepuO0TzCvh6m0lU0sIs9hoNA_Owfew8izemv8Mebguc0ECzcCQS50r_sa1evnaBxK9jOM0Ab0h_EAOOklYQ2-hsj3XRLpfJoULOJ9eUCXqVPciMt9onLQztvnac-wc-GgnFF4iA3TpXsP/s320/Haile+Selassie+Horseman.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />The emperor was not known as a good horseman like Emperor Yohannes or Lij Iyasu. He was delicate short but full of dignity. He is known to release an aura that was very intimidating. It is said that one conspirator confessed his motive to asassinate him as he approached the emperor on the throne. Photo Emperor inspecting troops in Addis Abeba. (from Mittelholzer's Abessinien Flug, Zurich, 1934)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFRV5WFKDjCkiJhwsPy8x0oktWbLtjgvi7FnoEX4v9S6XK3RM4UCGNBtlfAFRygKzCHwnMyQD0d4ecUeIdgOYd2j_KWPapSby9cAX1qC4nwmDiJW-EIeg_6ASsqSmmsTlGOldwzwrRTp2M/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+by+Mittelholzer.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148759660890216130" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFRV5WFKDjCkiJhwsPy8x0oktWbLtjgvi7FnoEX4v9S6XK3RM4UCGNBtlfAFRygKzCHwnMyQD0d4ecUeIdgOYd2j_KWPapSby9cAX1qC4nwmDiJW-EIeg_6ASsqSmmsTlGOldwzwrRTp2M/s320/Haile+Selassie+by+Mittelholzer.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />(from Mittelholzer's Abessinien Flug, Zurich, 1934)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiVFfkMeItaipzMkJEqxvpjVi28uUwDOEUzj2zOZiDU2XRm6dqkYOvYY28CMMzs1iJkBydHnxugvjtoBCiCU8pRvj7dby2KwYMoTizbelQ_9GV_vyGVfi60c2kK3wg5D5e7aHnrO67Z9VU/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+Coronation+1930.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148766343859328722" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiVFfkMeItaipzMkJEqxvpjVi28uUwDOEUzj2zOZiDU2XRm6dqkYOvYY28CMMzs1iJkBydHnxugvjtoBCiCU8pRvj7dby2KwYMoTizbelQ_9GV_vyGVfi60c2kK3wg5D5e7aHnrO67Z9VU/s400/Haile+Selassie+Coronation+1930.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />The major event in 1930 was the transformation of Teferi Mekonnen from Ras to King to Emperor. He was Ras Teferi in early 1930, then crowned Negus Teferi on April 8th and by November 1930 became Emperor (or Qedamawi Haile Selassie Neguse Negest Ze Etiyopiya). In this photo from General Virgin's book The Abyssinia I Knew (1936), the Emperor and Empress Menen (Itegue) are shown in their coronation robes.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPgQ0ZGpglhey0ey2Q351MhMSJqOrR5bNNvDVrYvw1x5Lcb1CDN6ICa-CFnxQpakAruU51rPZONtRZR6n9a3pM_XzDaelgwcg-0KCjZ2A5OEHP1FiLzr5Lg-3gGwsZ1fkQkNhq3ERuzJCj/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+in+1935+Portrait.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148771295956621026" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPgQ0ZGpglhey0ey2Q351MhMSJqOrR5bNNvDVrYvw1x5Lcb1CDN6ICa-CFnxQpakAruU51rPZONtRZR6n9a3pM_XzDaelgwcg-0KCjZ2A5OEHP1FiLzr5Lg-3gGwsZ1fkQkNhq3ERuzJCj/s320/Haile+Selassie+in+1935+Portrait.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Emperor Haile Selassie in yet another uniform. Photo from General Virgin's book The Abyssinia I Knew (1936).<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF_B34cZn-eWHWtygWvh3FCfgEsZhFu5MqJyK4h3ljIcvTfwNngD9buUNvzO6h2DdbzvyNds_Vg8adUor9xtNL2tFl_55AsFKb1zovS8oD5rtnvrP62xA1n2e7kxkXciuhBaqNfFTJ9y6x/s1600-h/01-13-2008+09%3B23%3B11AM.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5154970076226049794" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF_B34cZn-eWHWtygWvh3FCfgEsZhFu5MqJyK4h3ljIcvTfwNngD9buUNvzO6h2DdbzvyNds_Vg8adUor9xtNL2tFl_55AsFKb1zovS8oD5rtnvrP62xA1n2e7kxkXciuhBaqNfFTJ9y6x/s320/01-13-2008+09%3B23%3B11AM.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Negus Teferi days before his coronation (Schwab 1979)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsvupJLv4LN4DoiBaIvRnY4azUA5fTg2gxmC4Bz6e14ems3KN3EInwLjlPaHkfAoI9kvLjmedLVsvoDwqBiZSAKFFksqRf9_IbjpBFgI2VUGQUzDulnYIN62G2XvFDPYIPaj9sDTPGY6o3/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+at+League+of+Nations.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5154973709768382242" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsvupJLv4LN4DoiBaIvRnY4azUA5fTg2gxmC4Bz6e14ems3KN3EInwLjlPaHkfAoI9kvLjmedLVsvoDwqBiZSAKFFksqRf9_IbjpBFgI2VUGQUzDulnYIN62G2XvFDPYIPaj9sDTPGY6o3/s320/Haile+Selassie+at+League+of+Nations.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Words of Wisdom and Prophecy for the League members in 1936 (Schwab 1979)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXjOLai_p4bRQzFp1vHP5O95xOyOLdHl0qWX14RVUzWZJulHT_PtrUSM0cPj3FaazspPI0iXC2iNGCB7Jay9qHYlVepFIqu3uDHwqoKVseGPz1LiuVS-irdsjpCy3w5fFTkUtaFhF34tu7/s1600-h/HS+I+at+JFK+Funeral.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5154981595328337714" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXjOLai_p4bRQzFp1vHP5O95xOyOLdHl0qWX14RVUzWZJulHT_PtrUSM0cPj3FaazspPI0iXC2iNGCB7Jay9qHYlVepFIqu3uDHwqoKVseGPz1LiuVS-irdsjpCy3w5fFTkUtaFhF34tu7/s320/HS+I+at+JFK+Funeral.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Haile Selassie at JFK funeral<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC0DusNW7t559UOCGUUz9kgMjSp02THU7hpOQPhzk_DK526XEvSvjF9IkM4y-sVABDzq4CDyzEcS4JIt3kiSf6-SXhkgZDL96JdLBEQs6_J-aMR2Zxdegy9yxf8J2smh_ncbpaPseyl9sH/s1600-h/Haile+Selassie+Office+in+1945.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5154981603918272322" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC0DusNW7t559UOCGUUz9kgMjSp02THU7hpOQPhzk_DK526XEvSvjF9IkM4y-sVABDzq4CDyzEcS4JIt3kiSf6-SXhkgZDL96JdLBEQs6_J-aMR2Zxdegy9yxf8J2smh_ncbpaPseyl9sH/s320/Haile+Selassie+Office+in+1945.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Haile Selassie I in his office in 1945<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#000000;"></span></span>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-7053128110533355732007-12-10T18:42:00.000-05:002008-01-06T16:37:16.629-05:00Ethiopian Travelers 1790<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirtGvkXr6WRez7z2B-6Qc1f3NhUMMyTHcj1qJnkJOc0cygqUWVX__5IhVcCvZEGd8LT-wO4Ysi2sapxXXAusHjzgP2gTAur1xl5LReCz1qA3ohtq6CNWe4jEmRT40ZVMzI3rKOCb4XH4Ng/s1600-h/Ethiopian+Travelers+1790.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirtGvkXr6WRez7z2B-6Qc1f3NhUMMyTHcj1qJnkJOc0cygqUWVX__5IhVcCvZEGd8LT-wO4Ysi2sapxXXAusHjzgP2gTAur1xl5LReCz1qA3ohtq6CNWe4jEmRT40ZVMzI3rKOCb4XH4Ng/s400/Ethiopian+Travelers+1790.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5142494910763335314" /></a>Bertuch's Bilderbuch was designed to teach German kids about the physical world such as these Ethiopian travelers and their environment, geography, flora and fauna. In the above hand-colored etching published in Bilderbuch fur Kinder between 1792-1810, the travelers are seen at rest somewhere in Ethiopia. Could you identify the details presented here and determine the locality, culture and who these people where? A keen analyst can determine by close study of the trees and vegetation, land, clothing, weapons and the domestic animal as well as the hut in the background. Check it out and comment about it! Double click on image for closer examination.<br /><br />TRANSLATION:from the German by Kebede Demissei Shell Petro-Chemical Engineer and Economist in Germany:<br /><br />Notice about (Subject Matter) CXLVI/ Volume 7 No. 31<br /><br />Abyssinians; Who are Taking A Rest on a Journey<br /><br />Abyssinia is a great Kingdom on the Eastern coast of Central Africa; very mountainous but fertile and produces all sorts of agricultural products abundantly.<br />Although the population is of Arabic (Ethiopedia: Ethiopians are non-Arabic people) origin, most of the Abyssinians are followers of the Greek Christian Church (Ethiopedia: Ethiopian church is unique and closer to the Coptic Church of Egypt).<br />They are governed by a king called Negus (Ethiopedia: The country is governed by the emperor called Neguse Negest), who is an absolute ruler.<br />We did not know any pictures of the Abyssinians or of their traditional clothing and their customs. Thanks to the newest journey (around 1790) made by the English Lord Valentia and his companion Mr. Salt, this has become possible for the first time. Therefore, we are able to see in this picture traveling Abyssinians making a rest in a mountainous region of Abyssinia.<br />Their clothing consist of a white Shamma which is twisted around the body. Around both shoulders hangs sheep leather, without which no Abyssinian leaves his home. Their heads are not covered by anything. The upper class Abyssinians covers the lower part of the face with their Netelas. Their weapons consist of spears and shields. Only a few use a sort of rifle (loaded by the nozzle of rifle).<br />Their houses are huts with high pointed roofs like the one shown in the background of the picture.<br />When an Abyssinian gentleman travels, he is accompanied by a group of armed people. The picture shows most probably such an occasion. The horse (Ethiopedia: a mule) is reserved for the gentleman.Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8053820534894855802.post-91971930577467068782007-06-25T17:47:00.001-04:002010-07-04T21:28:08.797-04:00Ethiopians Destroyed Egyptian Army led by American Confederate Generals in 1875<div align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjub-tiWBqv9Sv7C4GQe4-5AykMCOep8xPFyPYV17V3Y6h_GV77QQ-Nz2TpB0BxoERPP8Nx_GLxWQWWnMjs2UfzoFSxYW6_j_IhzlUdnzoL0IwsZ2ECQ5TMhvLUV_4xENHeziwhtZWlXJam/s1600-h/Confederates+Egyptians+Ethiopia.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; FLOAT: left; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5080133444783729586" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjub-tiWBqv9Sv7C4GQe4-5AykMCOep8xPFyPYV17V3Y6h_GV77QQ-Nz2TpB0BxoERPP8Nx_GLxWQWWnMjs2UfzoFSxYW6_j_IhzlUdnzoL0IwsZ2ECQ5TMhvLUV_4xENHeziwhtZWlXJam/s320/Confederates+Egyptians+Ethiopia.jpg" /></a> This is the true story of how the Ethiopian army led by <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_0" class="blsp-spelling-error">Atse</span> (Emperor) <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_1" class="blsp-spelling-error">Yohannes</span> completely destroyed and annihilated an Egyptian army invasion force led by American Confederate generals. The humiliating part of this tragic event for the Confederate generals was that they had already been losers in the American civil wars which was fought over the question of slavery. A couple of generals have preserved the secrets of this events and how they despised the Egyptian <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_2" class="blsp-spelling-error">Fellahin</span> (peasants) and the barbarous Ethiopian patriots. This is the story of the battles of <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_3" class="blsp-spelling-error">Gunda</span>-<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_4" class="blsp-spelling-error">Gundet</span> and <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_5" class="blsp-spelling-error">Gura</span> and <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_6" class="blsp-spelling-error">Arissa</span> in which the Ethiopians completely annihilated the coalition armies of the Ottoman Turks, Egyptian and Confederate American generals as written by the American Colonel William M. Dye. The book is erroneously titled <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_7" class="blsp-spelling-error">Moslem</span> Egypt and Christian Abyssinia because it was more a war of the coalition forces of Egypt, the Ottomans and the Confederate Americans against Ethiopia. An illustration above from the book depicts an Ethiopian horseman, a Sudanese <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_8" class="blsp-spelling-error">Kababich</span>, an Egyptian soldier and an Ethiopian O<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_9" class="blsp-spelling-error">romo</span> fighter surrounding Pompous Egyptian rulers. The shield with the lion probably represents the Ethiopian emperor's emblem as <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_10" class="blsp-spelling-error">Yohannes</span> had 4 lions with him at all time. The Egyptians and Ottomans hatched a new and secret idea of recruiting confederate American generals and officers in 1869. These corrupt and unaware Americans were secured by <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_11" class="blsp-spelling-error">Blacque</span> Bey, the Turkish minister at Washington D.C. A five year contract was drafted obligating the officers to serve against countries Egypt was at war with except the United States. The Americans eventually realized that they would be fighting against Christian Abyssinia (Ethiopia). The famous American general, W.T. Sherman recruited in confidence most of the forty eight Americans . One is left to ponder whether the American administration at that time was in fact <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_12" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">knowledgeable</span> about the conspiracy against Ethiopia that was hatching right under their noses. My opinion is that the United Stated knew about this conspiracy, assisted in the transportation and covered up the deal. This was also a good way to get rid of the defeated unemployed confederate officers in Washington D.C. and the South. Following are the names of those who served the Egyptians; Brigadier Generals, W. W. <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_13" class="blsp-spelling-error">Loring</span> (Leader of Group), C. C. <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_14" class="blsp-spelling-error">Sible</span>, Carrol <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_15" class="blsp-spelling-error">Tevies</span>, C. P. Stone, Major General Henry A Mot, Majors W. C. Campbell, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_16" class="blsp-spelling-error">Parrys</span>, Hunt, Eugene <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_17" class="blsp-spelling-error">Fehet</span>, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_18" class="blsp-spelling-error">Chansler</span> M. Martin, W. B. Hall, White, J. D. Dennison, Charles F. <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_19" class="blsp-spelling-error">Loshe</span>, Robert <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_20" class="blsp-spelling-error">Schrryler</span>, H. G. <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_21" class="blsp-spelling-error">Prout</span>, C. <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_22" class="blsp-spelling-error">Macomb</span> Mason, Colonels Alexander <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_23" class="blsp-spelling-error">Reylands</span>, T. G. <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_24" class="blsp-spelling-error">Rheet</span>, W. H. Jenifer, Beverly <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_25" class="blsp-spelling-error">Kennon</span>, Frank Reynolds, Vanderbilt Allen, R. C. <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_26" class="blsp-spelling-error">Colston</span>, W. <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_27" class="blsp-spelling-error">McE</span>. Dye, Robert M. Rogers, Samuel H. <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_28" class="blsp-spelling-error">Lockett</span>, Charles B. Field and <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_29" class="blsp-spelling-error">McIvor</span>, Lieutenant Colonels <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_30" class="blsp-spelling-error">Sparow</span> <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_31" class="blsp-spelling-error">Purdy</span>, C. C. Long, Will Ward, Wm. W. Dunlap, James <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_32" class="blsp-spelling-error">Bassel</span>, H. B. Reed, C. J. Graves, H. C. Derrick, Captains Freeman, James Morgan, David Essex Portal, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_33" class="blsp-spelling-error">Irgens</span>, John Savage, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_34" class="blsp-spelling-error">Drs</span> Johnson, W. H. William, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_35" class="blsp-spelling-error">Arlson</span>, Professor L. H. Mitchell, Misters Middleton, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_36" class="blsp-spelling-error">Testaferrata</span> and <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_37" class="blsp-spelling-error">Garnard</span>.<br />In 1875, Egyptian forces under <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_38" class="blsp-spelling-error">Munzinger</span>, a Swiss, were annihilated at <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_39" class="blsp-spelling-error">Arissa</span>. This was an attempt by Ismael Pasha of Egypt to bypass <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_40" class="blsp-spelling-error">Yohannis</span> and communicate with Menelik of <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_41" class="blsp-spelling-error">Shoa</span>. The Egyptians then tried a second trick again in 1875 under the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_42" class="blsp-spelling-error">Dannish</span> Colonel <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_43" class="blsp-spelling-error">Ahrendrup</span> Bey (Bey being a Turkish promotion). This army of Egypt was again destroyed by <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_44" class="blsp-spelling-error">Atse</span> <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_45" class="blsp-spelling-error">Yohannis</span> at <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_46" class="blsp-spelling-error">Guda</span> <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_47" class="blsp-spelling-error">Gundet</span> in 1875. The third trick that the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_48" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">Egyptians</span> and their Ottoman masters tried was to bring the Arab army of Egypt under the American Confederate Army of W.W. <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_49" class="blsp-spelling-error">Loring</span>. It is this story that is being told here because it was kept largely in the limelight due to the utter annihilation and humiliation of the “white” armies (The coalition forces of Egypt, Turkish Ottomans and Confederate Americans) by the African armies of <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_50" class="blsp-spelling-error">Atse</span> <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_51" class="blsp-spelling-error">Yohannis</span>. In effect Ethiopia, an African country, fought three continental armies of North American led by Colonel <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_52" class="blsp-spelling-error">Loring</span>, Asia Minor led by the Ottomans and quasi-African-Arab-European Egypt led by Ismael Pasha, the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_53" class="blsp-spelling-error">Khedive</span> of Egypt. The plans of the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_54" class="blsp-spelling-error">Khedive</span> to conquer the “Barbarian <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_55" class="blsp-spelling-error">Habashis</span>” and take their Blue Nile Basin was childish in itself as the Ethiopians with little arms that they possessed, had a more sophisticated and intelligent plan that sent the pitiful invaders running to the shoreline of <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_56" class="blsp-spelling-error">Mistewa</span> (<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_57" class="blsp-spelling-error">Massawa</span>) where they were having real fits of nervous breakdowns.<br />The notable battle on the plains of <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_58" class="blsp-spelling-error">Gura</span> was described by Dye and others very starkly. The <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_62" class="blsp-spelling-error">Gura</span> battle plan was arranged by the council of the Confederate Americans General <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_63" class="blsp-spelling-error">Loring</span>, Derrick and Dye and the Egyptian Osman Pasha. In this bloody fight, the Ethiopians overwhelmed the Egyptian-Ottoman-Confederate American coalition forces into oblivion. The invaders retreated after being mauled by the Ethiopian lions (literally mauled because there were 4 lions of Emperor <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_64" class="blsp-spelling-error">Yohannes</span> that growled and pawed the air in the heat of the battle). Colonel Dye describes the Ethiopian frenzy as “beating and blowing the “<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_65" class="blsp-spelling-error">Negariths</span> and <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_66" class="blsp-spelling-error">Aimbeltas</span> arousing their barbarous souls to fury and combat”. He further describes how <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_67" class="blsp-spelling-error">Dejach</span> <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_68" class="blsp-spelling-error">Hagos</span> of Shire was killed during the battle on horseback while the cowardly Egyptian Prince <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_69" class="blsp-spelling-error">Hassan</span> rides away on his horse to <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_70" class="blsp-spelling-error">Massawa</span> and his cavalry gallop away too. The Egyptian foot soldiers meanwhile staggered all the way to the sea shore following their leaders. Dye bitterly refers to the Egyptians as <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_71" class="blsp-spelling-error">Fellahin</span> which means peasants, not worthy of being soldiers, no doubt to relief himself of his own shortcomings. Indeed the American battle-hardened confederate armies were also fleeing the battle grounds. The infamous names of the defeated Americans were Long, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_72" class="blsp-spelling-error">Lockett</span>, Hall, Dennison, Johnson, Wilson, Porter, Field, Martin, Dye, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_73" class="blsp-spelling-error">Colston</span>, Stone, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_74" class="blsp-spelling-error">Gravis</span>, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_75" class="blsp-spelling-error">Loshe</span>, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_76" class="blsp-spelling-error">Lamson</span>, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_77" class="blsp-spelling-error">Loring</span>, Derrick, Wilson and <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_78" class="blsp-spelling-error">Irgens</span>.<br />One of the casualties of the battles against the Egyptians and their <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_79" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">mercenaries</span> were the imperial lions of <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_80" class="blsp-spelling-error">Atse</span> <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_81" class="blsp-spelling-error">Yohannis</span>, symbols of Ethiopia. A lion or two were lost at <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_82" class="blsp-spelling-error">Gundet</span> while two were lost at <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_83" class="blsp-spelling-error">Gura</span>. Colonel Dye reports that one of these lions was stuffed and placed near a tree for all to see its majestic powers.<br />Throughout the fight of preserving the Independence of the country, Ethiopia always had to deal severely with enemies from within the country itself. Thus one of the products from this victory was that the Egyptians settled for a more devious method of creating a division within the people of Ethiopia by using Ethnic tensions and propaganda ploys. The strangest character from this method was an opportunist Ethiopian known as <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_84" class="blsp-spelling-error">Ras</span> <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_85" class="blsp-spelling-error">Wolde</span> Mikael. His allegiance shifted between the Arabs and the Ethiopians. At times he laid waste to the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_86" class="blsp-spelling-error">Hamasein</span> province and on other occasions he allied with <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_87" class="blsp-spelling-error">Ras</span> <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_88" class="blsp-spelling-error">Alula</span> to beat away the Egyptians. The method still continues in the 21st century with many <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_89" class="blsp-spelling-error">Wolde</span> <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_90" class="blsp-spelling-error">Mekaels</span> created by the Egyptians to once and for all attempt to revenge their defeat and bring powerful united Ethiopia into many weak fiefdoms that would endlessly kill each other.<br />The president of the United States at this time, Andrew Johnson, is described by the Miller Center as “Though Johnson was deeply committed to saving the Union, he did not believe in the emancipation of slaves”. Clearly as president he did not care about the destruction of Ethiopia and as such knew the on-goings of the Sherman-Turkish minister deal in Washington. Further more the Center describes him as “Andrew Johnson is largely viewed as the worst possible person to have been President at the end of the Civil War. He utterly failed to make a satisfying and just peace because of his racist views, his gross incompetence in federal office, and his incredible miscalculation of public support for his policies”. His Secretary of State was a certain Seward who “worked to prevent European recognition of the Confederacy during the Civil War”. There is no doubt that Seward, at the same time, instigated and gave the green light to the Confederate General Sherman to recruit and ship the secret mercenaries to Egypt to kill the Ethiopians and capture the Nile Basin and Maritime lands of Ethiopia. Sherman was also commander-in-chief of the United States between 1865-1883 and his recruiting of confederate armies against Ethiopia took place at this time. In the end however almighty Ethiopia prevailed.</div><div align="justify"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_91" class="blsp-spelling-error">Further readings: Loring</span> <a href="http://stonewall.hut.ru/leaders/loring.htm">http://stonewall.hut.ru/leaders/loring.htm</a> and Sherman <a href="http://www.civilwarhome.com/sherbio.htm">http://www.civilwarhome.com/sherbio.htm</a></div>Ethiopediahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16959314574205454392noreply@blogger.com46